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Tailored optical fields and their applications in quantum information processing

Benjamín de Jesús Pérez García

Published May 15, 2018• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

A set of experimental techniques to digitally shape an optical beam are presented. In particular, we show how to digitally study the interference phenomena in different geometries and observables. We also present a novel way of generating arbitrary vector beams and controlling the spatial coherence of a classical beam using Spatial Light Modulators. These type of manipulations are further employed to control and experimentally implement quantum algorithms, more precisely the Deutsch, Deutsch-Jozsa and Grover`s search algorithms.

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A set of experimental techniques to digitally shape an optical beam are presented. In particular, we show how to digitally study the interference phenomena in different geometries and observables. We also present a novel way of generating arbitrary vector beams and controlling the spatial coherence of a classical beam using Spatial Light Modulators. These type of manipulations are further employed to control and experimentally implement quantum algorithms, more precisely the Deutsch, Deutsch-Jozsa and Grover`s search algorithms.
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We explore optical manipulation of sculpted light based on phase-dependent electromagnetically induced transparency through both homogeneously and inhomogeneously broadened five-level atomic systems. A transverse magnetic field and a suitable spatially inhomogeneous control field can be used to create a spatial probe transparency modulation at a desired location. Such transparency modulation is the principle behind the shaping of the light. Further, the beam propagation equation shows that the control-field-induced selective phase information can be imprinted on the probe beam. Hence, this controlled light shaping paves a new way for high-contrast imaging, laser micromachining, and creation of optical lattices and optical tweezers. Our work may also have applications in optical communication and information processing.
Light carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) has many applications ranging from optical manipulation, imaging and remote sensing, and optical communications, and can be used to perform fundamental studies in quantum mechanics and quantum information. Moreover, single photons with high-order OAM allow for increasing the amount of information carried per photon in quantum communication. This thesis describes the study of methods for the preparation and detection of OAM of light in high mode order by utilizing beam shaping techniques using spatial light modulators (SLMs). The quality of the generated high-order OAM mode is limited by optical aberrations which are induced by optical elements in realistic systems and propagation through realistic channels. In order to create and characterize the OAM modes with high quality, we investigate methods for aberration detection and correction using SLMs. These beam shaping techniques for the correction of optical aberrations allow us to generate and detect light carrying OAM with mode order ranging from l = 0 to l = 8 with good quality, and to generate high-quality superpositions of OAM modes with high mode order or in high dimensions. Furthermore, we observe low crosstalk and good levels of mode discrimination between different OAM modes of light. Our experimental setup can be applied in future studies to investigate and test different protocols in quantum information with high dimensional systems, such as high dimensional quantum state tomography.
In recent years great progress was made in the spatial control of light with dynamic phase and amplitude modulators such as spatial light modulators and digital micromirror devices. In this work we describe the theory and practice of light shaping with such devices, detailing the spatial control of amplitude, phase and polarisation of coherent laser beams. We use our expertise in generating and measuring light fields with spatially dependent polarisation structures to characterise the correlations between spatial modes and polarisation in such light fields. We do this by adapting concurrence, a quantum measure of entanglement, to these classical correlations. One of the most promising application of coherent laser light is in the control of atomic media via atom-light interactions. In this work we describe the construction of simple external cavity diode lasers designed for the generation of resonant light for atomic physics applications. We exploit these lasers and spatial light modulators to create and measure three-dimensional atomic population structures in a warm rubidium vapour. We also implement a magneto-optic and a dynamic dark spontaneous-force optical trap for rubidium. These traps produce dense (~ 10^11 cm^-3) and cold (~100 uK) clouds of rubidium atoms. We develop the theory of spatially dependent electromagnetically induced transparency in such traps using rate equations. We find that the absorption of linearly polarised light depends on the relative direction of a magnetic field and the light polarisation. We use the cold atom clouds to measure the direction of magnetic fields by using this dependence and laser beams with structured polarisation.