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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

On-chip superconducting resonator devices for sensitive spin detection at high magnetic fields.

Giovanni Franco-Rivera, Josiah Cochran, Lei Chen, Zhen Wang, Sylvain Bertaina, I. Chiorescu

Published Mar 4, 2020• 0 citations
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On-Chip Cavity Studies of Spin Systems and Nonlinear Superconducting Phenomena for Quantum Computing Applications

In this dissertation, the use of on-chip superconducting (SC) resonators as a probe of spin-photon interactions as well as other superconducting phenomena will be presented. In particular, coherent Rabi oscillations are demonstrated for a spin s=1/2 ensemble in an ESR (Electron Spin Resonance) cavity as well as coherent multiphoton excitations. Applying techniques from the classical ESR measurements to an on-chip resonator is effectively shrinking the cavity volume and increasing vacuum field density. This in turn can greatly increase the sensitivity creating the possibility of probing the quantum to classical transition for spin-photon interactions. Additionally, an on-chip cavity provides the possibility of on-chip ESR measurements to be performed in a dilution refrigerator. Furthermore, progress has been made toward on-chip ESR type measurements. A highly sensitive heterodyne measurement setup has been developed, providing the capability of detecting signals as small as -125~dBm. Under the right conditions this setup may be able to detect single photons. To perform an on-chip ESR measurement, precise placement of the spin system at an anti-node of the magnetic field is required. For this, a technique for spin ensemble placement with micron scale precision is developed. Finally, performing ESR measurements requires the application of a (sometimes large) static field. Even a very small static field and can easily create vortices in a superconducting thin film when applied normal to the film plane. A precise alignment procedure is developed allowing for the operation of on-chip SC resonators to operate with an in-plane field up to 1~Tesla. This led to the first successful field-dependent observation of the nonlinear Meissner effect.

•Jan 1, 2010•0 citations

Superconducting microwave resonators in magnetic fields

Chunhua Song, M. P. DeFeo, K. Yu +3 more

Bulletin of the American Physical Society•Mar 19, 2010•0 citations
Sensitive magnetometers that can operate in high magnetic fields are essential for detecting magnetic resonance signals originating from small ensembles of quantum spins. Such devices have potential applications in quantum technologies, in particular quantum computing. We present a novel experimental setup implementing a differential flux measurement using two Direct-Current Superconducting QUantum Interference Device (DC-SQUID) magnetometers. The differential measurement allows for cancellation of background flux signals while enhancing sample signal. The developed protocol uses pulsed readout, which minimizes on-chip heating since sub-Kelvin temperatures are needed to preserve quantum spin coherence. Results of a proof of concept experiment are shown as well.
Abstract Nitrogen-vacancy centers have demonstrated significant potential as quantum magnetometers for nanoscale phenomena and sensitive field detection, attributed to their exceptional spin coherence at room temperature. However, it is challenging to achieve solid-state magnetometers that can simultaneously possess high spatial resolution and high field sensitivity. Here we demonstrate nanoscale quantum sensing with high field sensitivity by using on-chip diamond micro-ring resonators. The ring resonator enables the efficient use of photons by confining them in a nanoscale region, enabling the magnetic sensitivity of 1.0 μT/√Hz on a photonic chip with a measurement contrast of theoretical limit. We also show that the proposed on-chip approach can improve the sensitivity via efficient light extraction with photonic waveguide coupling. Our work provides a pathway toward the development of chip-scale packaged sensing devices that can detect various nanoscale physical quantities for fundamental science, chemistry, and medical applications.
In this dissertation, the use of on-chip superconducting (SC) resonators as a probe of spin-photon interactions as well as other superconducting phenomena will be presented. In particular, coherent Rabi oscillations are demonstrated for a spin s=1/2 ensemble in an ESR (Electron Spin Resonance) cavity as well as coherent multiphoton excitations. Applying techniques from the classical ESR measurements to an on-chip resonator is effectively shrinking the cavity volume and increasing vacuum field density. This in turn can greatly increase the sensitivity creating the possibility of probing the quantum to classical transition for spin-photon interactions. Additionally, an on-chip cavity provides the possibility of on-chip ESR measurements to be performed in a dilution refrigerator. Furthermore, progress has been made toward on-chip ESR type measurements. A highly sensitive heterodyne measurement setup has been developed, providing the capability of detecting signals as small as -125~dBm. Under the right conditions this setup may be able to detect single photons. To perform an on-chip ESR measurement, precise placement of the spin system at an anti-node of the magnetic field is required. For this, a technique for spin ensemble placement with micron scale precision is developed. Finally, performing ESR measurements requires the application of a (sometimes large) static field. Even a very small static field and can easily create vortices in a superconducting thin film when applied normal to the film plane. A precise alignment procedure is developed allowing for the operation of on-chip SC resonators to operate with an in-plane field up to 1~Tesla. This led to the first successful field-dependent observation of the nonlinear Meissner effect.