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Acta Physica Sinica

Dynamic evolution of an excited atom near the left-handed slab acted by the Casimir-Polder force

Xu Jing-Ping, Chang Sheng-Long, Qin Li, Yang Ya-Ping, Bureau of education of Hongkou District, Shanghai 200092, China;

Published Jan 1, 2015• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Influence of the Casimir-Polder force on a slowly moving atom near a left-handed slab is discussed. We focus on an initially excited atom and its dynamic evolution during the spontaneous decay process. The left-haned slab is adopted based on two factors: (1) It provides a relatively stronger Casimir-Polder force on the excited atom far away from the interface, and (2) it can lead to an inhibited spontaneous decay rate within such a region. Therefore, we can discuss the dynamic evolution of atoms acted only by the Casimir-Polder force. The dynamic evolution discussed here includes both the evolution of atomic population and the atomic displacement. As the Casimir-Polder force depends on the atomic population, while the decay rate is related to the atomic positions, the atomic dynamic evolution is determined by its initial conditions, i.e. its position and volecity. We choose two initial positions for discussion, i.e. (1) the position with the maximum resonant Casimir-Polder force, and (2) the edge of the resonant Casimir-Polder force of the atom with dipole parallel to the interface. Furthermore, we also consider two kinds of orientations of atomic dipole, i. e. parallel and normal to the interface. It is found that the atom can be repulsed away from a surface by the Casimir-Polder force with a proper initial velocity in certain dipole orientaion during the sponatneous decay process. As the atomic dynamics depends on the orientation of the atom dipole momentum, our result can be used as a reference to distinguish atoms with different dipole momenta. Though the force discussed here exists during the spontaneous decay process, it is much different from the recoil force of the atom when it emits a photon during the spontaneous decay. The statistical average of the recoil force is null, but that of the resonant Casimir-Polder force is not. After reasonable estimation, such a Casimir-Polder force can counteract the thermal fluctuation of temperature of 15 μupK during sponatneous decay. If combined with other constraint methods, it is helpful to control the dynamics of an atom more efficiently.

DOI
10.7498/aps.64.234204

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Influence of the Casimir-Polder force on a slowly moving atom near a left-handed slab is discussed. We focus on an initially excited atom and its dynamic evolution during the spontaneous decay process. The left-haned slab is adopted based on two factors: (1) It provides a relatively stronger Casimir-Polder force on the excited atom far away from the interface, and (2) it can lead to an inhibited spontaneous decay rate within such a region. Therefore, we can discuss the dynamic evolution of atoms acted only by the Casimir-Polder force. The dynamic evolution discussed here includes both the evolution of atomic population and the atomic displacement. As the Casimir-Polder force depends on the atomic population, while the decay rate is related to the atomic positions, the atomic dynamic evolution is determined by its initial conditions, i.e. its position and volecity. We choose two initial positions for discussion, i.e. (1) the position with the maximum resonant Casimir-Polder force, and (2) the edge of the resonant Casimir-Polder force of the atom with dipole parallel to the interface. Furthermore, we also consider two kinds of orientations of atomic dipole, i. e. parallel and normal to the interface. It is found that the atom can be repulsed away from a surface by the Casimir-Polder force with a proper initial velocity in certain dipole orientaion during the sponatneous decay process. As the atomic dynamics depends on the orientation of the atom dipole momentum, our result can be used as a reference to distinguish atoms with different dipole momenta. Though the force discussed here exists during the spontaneous decay process, it is much different from the recoil force of the atom when it emits a photon during the spontaneous decay. The statistical average of the recoil force is null, but that of the resonant Casimir-Polder force is not. After reasonable estimation, such a Casimir-Polder force can counteract the thermal fluctuation of temperature of 15 μupK during sponatneous decay. If combined with other constraint methods, it is helpful to control the dynamics of an atom more efficiently.
Influence of the Casimir-Polder force on a slowly moving atom near a left-handed slab is discussed.We focus on an initially excited atom and its dynamic evolution during the spontaneous decay process.The left-haned slab is adopted based on two factors:(1) It provides a relatively stronger Casimir-Polder force on the excited atom far away from the interface,and(2) it can lead to an inhibited spontaneous decay rate within such a region.Therefore,we can discuss the dynamic evolution of atoms acted only by the Casimir-Polder force.The dynamic evolution discussed here includes both the evolution of atomic population and the atomic displacement.As the Casimir-Polder force depends on the atomic population,while the decay rate is related to the atomic positions,the atomic dynamic evolution is determined by its initial conditions,i.e.its position and volecity.We choose two initial positions for discussion,i.e.(1) the position with the maximum resonant Casimir-Polder force,and(2) the edge of the resonant Casimir-Polder force of the atom with dipole parallel to the interface.Furthermore,we also consider two kinds of orientations of atomic dipole,i.e.parallel and normal to the interface.It is found that the atom can be repulsed away from a surface by the Casimir-Polder force with a proper initial velocity in certain dipole orientaion during the sponatneous decay process.As the atomic dynamics depends on the orientation of the atom dipole momentum,our result can be used as a reference to distinguish atoms with different dipole momenta.Though the force discussed here exists during the spontaneous decay process,it is much different from the recoil force of the atom when it emits a photon during the spontaneous decay.The statistical average of the recoil force is null,but that of the resonant Casimir-Polder force is not.After reasonable estimation,such a Casimir-Polder force can counteract the thermal fluctuation of temperature of 15 μK during sponatneous decay.If combined with other constraint methods,it is helpful to control the dynamics of an atom more efficiently.
We consider the dynamical atom-surface Casimir-Polder force in the nonequilibrium configuration of an atom near a perfectly conducting wall, initially prepared in an excited state with the field in its vacuum state. We evaluate the time-dependent Casimir-Polder force on the atom and find that it shows an oscillatory behavior from attractive to repulsive both in time and in space. We also investigate the asymptotic behavior in time of the dynamical force and of related local field quantities, showing that the static value of the force, as obtained by a time-independent approach, is recovered for times much longer than the time scale of the atomic self-dressing but shorter than the atomic decay time. We then discuss the evolution of global quantities such as atomic and field energies and their asymptotic behavior. We also compare our results for the dynamical force on the excited atom with analogous results recently obtained for an initially bare ground-state atom. We show that new relevant features are obtained in the case of an initially excited atom, for example, much larger values of the dynamical force with respect to the static one, allowing for an easier way to single out and observe the dynamical Casimir-Polder effect.
The Casimir-Polder (CP) force acting on a V\mathsf{V}V-type three-level atom which is initially prepared in two different kinds of superposition states, i.e., subradiant and superradiant states, is investigated. The influence of quantum interference on force evolution due to two-dipole transitions is analyzed in detail. It is found that the orientation of the atomic dipole moment has significant influence on the Casimir-Polder force and consequently its evolution. For the ideal degenerate V\mathsf{V}V-type atom with two parallel dipoles, quantum interference leads to population trapping as well as the cancellation of the CP force when the atom is prepared initially in a subradiant state. However, the result changes when we consider the practical Zeeman V\mathsf{V}V-type atom whose two dipole moments are perpendicular to each other. Since quantum interference in such an atom must occur in an anisotropic environment, it is possible to trap atomic population and enhance the CP force simultaneously by preparing the atom initially in sub-radiant states. In principle, our results can be found in an arbitrary anisotropic environment, and here we describe a structure containing left-handed materials to highlight our findings.
Abstract We investigate the dynamical Casimir-Polder force between an atom and a conducting wall during the time evolution of the system from a partially dressed state. This state is obtained by a sudden change of the atomic position with respect to the plate. To evaluate the time-dependent atom-plate Casimir-Polder force we solve the Heisenberg equations for the field and atomic operators by an iterative technique. We find that the dynamical atom-plate Casimir-Polder interaction exhibits oscillation in time, and can be attractive or repulsive depending on time and the atom-wall distance. We also investigate the time dependence of global observables, such as the field and atomic Hamiltonians, and discuss some interesting features of the dynamical process bringing the interaction energy to the equilibrium configuration.
The time-dependent Casimir-Polder force arising during the time evolution of an initially bare two-level atom, interacting with the radiation field and placed near a perfectly conducting wall, is considered. Initially the electromagnetic field is supposed to be in the vacuum state and the atom in its ground state. The analytical expression of the force as a function of time and atom-wall distance is evaluated from the time-dependent atom-field interaction energy. Physical features and limits of validity of the results are discussed in detail.