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Optics and Spectroscopy

Effect of atomic ground state self-polarization in the optical-pumping cycle on the increase of linear light absorption for j --> j+1 transitions

A. P. Kazantsev, Vladimir S. Smirnov, A. M. Turmaikin, I. A. Yagofarov

Published Aug 1, 1984• 5 citations
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This is a brief account of recent results obtained in Paris by the development of optical-pumping techniques, and especially on the thesis of Cagnac and the thesis of Cohen-Tannoudji. Cagnac has used the optical-pumping technique to achieve nuclear orientation in the ground state of the odd mercury isotopes and has made an extensive study of the longitudinal relaxation time. Barrat and Cohen-Tannoudji have developed the quantum-mechanical theory of the optical-pumping cycle of an atom and Cohen-Tannoudji in his thesis has confirmed the theoretical predictions experimentally by applying Dehmelt’s cross-beam technique to Hg199: If a collection of atoms is irradiated permanently by light which can be absorbed and re-emitted, this pumping cycle has different effects on the ground-state properties of the atoms; these effects are experimentally detectable by observing the magnetic resonance of the atomic ground state. A broadening of the magnetic-resonance line proportional to the light intensity occurs. It is due to the shortening of the lifetime of the ground-state Zeeman levels by light absorptions. Other effects are displacements of the Zeeman levels of the ground state caused by irradiation resulting in a change of the magnetic-resonance frequency. Theory predicts displacements of 2 different kinds: (1) Displacements caused by real transitions—During an up-and-down transition of an atom, coherence is partly conserved. As a result, a certain amount of the g factor of the excited state is mixed with the g factor of the ground state. (2) Displacements caused by virtual transitions—These displacements are related to the dispersion of light. All these effects, predicted by the theory, have been qualitatively and quantitatively confirmed by Cohen’s experiments.

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In this work we present new features observed in the Saturated Absorption (SA) spectrum on the D1 line of K. In an uncoated optical glass cell containing pure K atoms, excitation by circularly polarized pump beam produces an enhancement of the amplitude of the crossover resonances due to the hyperfine transitions starting from the ground state Fg = 2. This effect appears to be much more relevant when K atoms are contained in a cell coated with an anti-relaxation film. Here, the crossover resonance in the Fg = 2 set of transition is not observed experimentally with linearly polarized pump light, while in case of circular polarization its amplitude is significantly enlarged. The Light Induced Atomic Desorption (LIAD) effect strongly improves the intensities of the SA resonances observed in coated cell.

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We show that atomic spin motion can be controlled by circularly polarized light without light absorption in the strong pumping limit. In this limit, the pumping light, which drives the empty spin state, destroys the Zeeman coherence effectively and freezes the coherent transition via the quantum Zeno effect. It is verified experimentally that the amount of light absorption decreases asymptotically to zero as the incident light intensity is increased.

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Effect of optical self-pumping on the mechanism of interation of elliptically polarized light with the 1/2 --> 1/2 transition

N. L. Kosulin, Vladimir S. Smirnov, Anatolii M Tumaikin

Optics and Spectroscopy•Jan 1, 1987•0 citations
This is a brief account of recent results obtained in Paris by the development of optical-pumping techniques, and especially on the thesis of Cagnac and the thesis of Cohen-Tannoudji. Cagnac has used the optical-pumping technique to achieve nuclear orientation in the ground state of the odd mercury isotopes and has made an extensive study of the longitudinal relaxation time. Barrat and Cohen-Tannoudji have developed the quantum-mechanical theory of the optical-pumping cycle of an atom and Cohen-Tannoudji in his thesis has confirmed the theoretical predictions experimentally by applying Dehmelt’s cross-beam technique to Hg199: If a collection of atoms is irradiated permanently by light which can be absorbed and re-emitted, this pumping cycle has different effects on the ground-state properties of the atoms; these effects are experimentally detectable by observing the magnetic resonance of the atomic ground state. A broadening of the magnetic-resonance line proportional to the light intensity occurs. It is due to the shortening of the lifetime of the ground-state Zeeman levels by light absorptions. Other effects are displacements of the Zeeman levels of the ground state caused by irradiation resulting in a change of the magnetic-resonance frequency. Theory predicts displacements of 2 different kinds: (1) Displacements caused by real transitions—During an up-and-down transition of an atom, coherence is partly conserved. As a result, a certain amount of the g factor of the excited state is mixed with the g factor of the ground state. (2) Displacements caused by virtual transitions—These displacements are related to the dispersion of light. All these effects, predicted by the theory, have been qualitatively and quantitatively confirmed by Cohen’s experiments.
In this work we present new features observed in the Saturated Absorption (SA) spectrum on the D1 line of K. In an uncoated optical glass cell containing pure K atoms, excitation by circularly polarized pump beam produces an enhancement of the amplitude of the crossover resonances due to the hyperfine transitions starting from the ground state Fg = 2. This effect appears to be much more relevant when K atoms are contained in a cell coated with an anti-relaxation film. Here, the crossover resonance in the Fg = 2 set of transition is not observed experimentally with linearly polarized pump light, while in case of circular polarization its amplitude is significantly enlarged. The Light Induced Atomic Desorption (LIAD) effect strongly improves the intensities of the SA resonances observed in coated cell.