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Acta Physica Sinica

Measurement and theoretical calculation for Stark energy and electric dipole moment of Cs Rydberg state

Changyong Li, Linjie Zhang, Jianming Zhao, Jia Suo-Tang

Published Jan 1, 2012• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Rydberg atoms has been one of the hot current research subjects in the field of physics becasue of its large volume, long life, easy polarization and energy levels easily controlled by external electric field. In this paper, the Stark energies and electric dipole moments of 15P3/2 and 16P3/2 of atomic cesium are measured experimentally. The empirical analytic equations of dipole moments and Stark energies for these two states are presented. We also numerically solve the Schrdinger equation and obtain Stark energies, dipole moments, and electron probability density distributions. The probability density distribution accords with the calculated dipole moments. The Stark energies and dipole moments are consistent with our experimental results. To the best of our knowledge, the measurement and calculation methods for dipole moments presented in this paper are reported for the first time.

DOI
10.7498/aps.61.163202

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Rydberg atoms has been one of the hot current research subjects in the field of physics becasue of its large volume, long life, easy polarization and energy levels easily controlled by external electric field. In this paper, the Stark energies and electric dipole moments of 15P3/2 and 16P3/2 of atomic cesium are measured experimentally. The empirical analytic equations of dipole moments and Stark energies for these two states are presented. We also numerically solve the Schrdinger equation and obtain Stark energies, dipole moments, and electron probability density distributions. The probability density distribution accords with the calculated dipole moments. The Stark energies and dipole moments are consistent with our experimental results. To the best of our knowledge, the measurement and calculation methods for dipole moments presented in this paper are reported for the first time.
Recently, the diverse properties of Rydberg atoms, which probably arise from its large electric dipole moment (EDM), have been explored. In this paper, we report electric dipole moments along with Stark energies and charge densities of lithium Rydberg states in the presence of electric fields, calculated by matrix diagonalization. Huge electric dipole moments are discovered. In order to check the validity of the EDMs, we also use these electric dipole moments to calculate the Stark energies by numerical integration. The results agree with those calculated by matrix diagonalization.
The authors investigate long-range Cs2{}_{2}2​ molecules consisting of a ground-state and a Rydberg atom, and measure and calculate permanent molecular electric-dipole moments showing that the sign of the dipole moment is negative, reflecting a deficiency of Rydberg-electron density near the ground-state constituent
Dipole-dipole interactions between helium atoms in Rydberg-Stark states with principal quantum number n=53n=53n=53 and approximately linear Stark energy shifts, resulting from induced electric dipole moments of approximately 7900 D, have been investigated experimentally. The experiments were performed in pulsed supersonic metastable helium beams, with particle number densities of up to $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{9}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. In the presence of amplitude-modulated, radio-frequency electric fields, changes in the spectral intensity distributions associated with the transitions to these states that are attributed to dipole-dipole interactions within the ensembles of excited atoms have been observed. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with calculations of the Rydberg energy level structure carried out using Floquet methods, and excitations shared by up to four atoms. The use of these Rydberg-Stark states as sensors for nonresonant broadband radio-frequency electrical noise is also discussed.
The ultralong-range Cs2 Rydberg molecules consisting of a Rydberg, nD5/2 ( principal quantum number n =35-38), and a ground state atom, 6S1/2 (F=4) are prepared by a two-photon photoassociation spectroscopy in an ultracold Cs gas. This kind of molecule is bound with the low energy scattering and has a permanent dipole moment. We observe two Rydberg-ground state molecular spectra, one is deep-bound molecule, TΣ state, bound by triplet s-wave scattering length and the other one is shallow-bound molecule, S,TΣ state, bound by mixed singlet-triplet s-wave scattering length. The binding energy of Rydberg-ground molecules are attained by analyzing the two photon photoassociation spectrum, corresponding permanent dipole moment is measured by applying an external electric field, which is compared to the calculation.
This paper systematically studies the energy level shift (Stark effect) of the highly excited Rydberg state of cesium (Cs) atoms under the action of an electrostatic field. In view of the limitations of the traditional hydrogen atom Stark perturbation theory in describing alkali metal atoms, we propose a complete set of parametric approximation methods, which fully consider the correction of energy level structure by quantum number deficiency. By introducing the effective principal quantum number n* and the correction coefficient 𝛽l, we extend the fourth-order Stark perturbation formula for hydrogen atoms to the Cs atomic system. The study first reviewed the analytical theory of the Stark effect of hydrogen atoms and derived the fourth-order energy shift expression based on parabolic quantum numbers. Then, the quantum number depletion characteristics of Cs atoms and their influence on Stark matrix elements were analyzed; On this basis, the parametric correction rules of the system were established, including the replacement of the effective quantum number, the determination of the polarizability correction coefficient, and the conditional use of the linear term. We have developed corresponding computing programs that can quickly estimate the energy shift of different quantum states under any electric field. By comparing with the existing experimental data and precise numerical calculation results, the reliability and application scope of this method were verified. Research shows that for the high-Rydberg state with n>20, the relative error of this parametric method under moderate electric field intensity (10-100 V/cm) is very small, making it particularly suitable for rapid estimation in large-scale parameter scanning and experimental design. The work of this paper provides practical tools and theoretical basis for the theoretical research and experimental analysis of the Stark effect of alkali metal atoms.