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Acta Physica Sinica

Theoretical and experimental study of a novel double-well optical dipole trap for two-species of cold atoms or molecules

Lu Jun-Fa, Qi Zhou, Pan Xiao-Qing, Yin Jian-Ping

Published Jan 1, 2013• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A novel scheme based on light diffraction to generate a double-well optical trap for trapping and controlling two-species samples of cold atoms or molecules is proposed. Specialized phase modulation similar to the binary phase-grating is implemented in a diffraction device of liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LC-SLM). A continuous and reversible evolution between single-well trap and double-well trap is investigated. Corresponding experiments are performed and the results are in agreement with theories. Our results show that the proposed scheme has a controllability advantage, which is beneficial to the loading and controlling two-species samples in cold atoms or molecules experiments.

DOI
10.7498/aps.62.233701

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A novel scheme based on light diffraction to generate a double-well optical trap for trapping and controlling two-species samples of cold atoms or molecules is proposed. Specialized phase modulation similar to the binary phase-grating is implemented in a diffraction device of liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LC-SLM). A continuous and reversible evolution between single-well trap and double-well trap is investigated. Corresponding experiments are performed and the results are in agreement with theories. Our results show that the proposed scheme has a controllability advantage, which is beneficial to the loading and controlling two-species samples in cold atoms or molecules experiments.
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Liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LC-SLM) can be readily used to fabricate the diffractive optical elements. However, a disadvantage of the finite resolution always exists in LC-SLM. In this paper, a new scheme of fabricating phase grating with LC-SLM is proposed to produce one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) array of optical traps. The advantage of the LC-SLM is fully utilized and the disadvantage is well avoided in our scheme. The phase distribution of the grating is optimized by using iterative Fourier series expansion. The grating is designed by simulation according to the LC-SLM technique parameters, and the corresponding light intensity distribution is calculated. The results show that the array has very high peak value intensity and big gradient of intensity by illuminating the grating with a large detuning and low power laser. The optical dipole potential of trapping cold atoms achieves the order of mK, and the interaction force between atom and optical field is much greater than the atom gravity.
In this paper, an experimental scheme of a controllable double-well optical trap for cold atoms (molecules) is briefly introduced, and the fabrication method of a binary π-phase plate and the experimental results to generate a controllable double-well optical trap are reported. In the experiment, we investigated the dependence of the double-well parameters (such as the spatial position of optical double-well, the spacing between the centers of two wells and the relative intensity distributions and so on) on the phase errors of the π-phase plate, and the change of double-well intensities resulting from errors in the engraving depth of the binary π-phase plate as well as the evolution of the optical trap from two wells to single one are studied both theoretically and experimentally. Experimental results consistent with theoretical prediction are obtained.
We propose a novel, to our knowledge, scheme to form a controllable double-well optical dipole trap for cold atoms (or molecules) by using an optical system composed of a binary pi-phase plate and a lens illuminated by a plane light wave. We calculate the intensity distribution of the double-well trap and derive the analytical relationships between the characteristic parameters of the double-well trap (including geometric parameters, intensity distributions, and intensity gradients and their curvatures) and the relative aperture beta of the lens system. We also extend our controllable double-well trap to its trap array by using a binary pi-phase grating combined with an array of spherical microlenses. Our study shows that, if the pi-phase plate (or the pi-phase grating) is moved along the x direction, our double-well trap (or array of double-well ones) can continuously evolve to a single-well one (or an array of single-well ones) and vice versa, which can be used to study cold collisions between two atomic (or molecular) samples and atom interference with Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in a double-well potential; to prepare quantum entanglement between two macroscopic atomic assembles, even to realize an all-optical double-well atomic (molecular) BEC (including an array of all-optical double-well BECs) by using optical-potential evaporative cooling; to form a novel optical lattice with a larger lattice constant; and so on.
we expound a novel scheme to form a controllable eight-well optical trap by using an optical system of a binary-phase plate composed by liquid crystal and a lens illuminated by a plane light wave.We discuss the bidirectional evolution process of the optical trap from eight-well to four-well,double-well or single-well.The result shows that the proposed eight-well trap can be continuously changed into a four-well,double-well or single-well trap by changing the brewage phase distributing of liquid crystal room optical modulator and vice versa.We also discuss the possibly important appliance of the eight-well optical trap in atom or molecule optical and in other fields.