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Acta Physica Sinica

Electromagnetically induced absorption and transparency in a closed lambda-shaped four-level system

Xiaoli Li, Lianshui Zhang, Baozhu Yang, Yang Li-Jun

Published Jan 1, 2010• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A quasi-lambda four-level system shows both electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). In addition to an optical coupling field and a probing field, there is a radio field which interacts with two excited state hyperfine levels of the quasi-lambda four-level system consisting of two excited state hyperfine levels and two ground state hyperfine levels. If a driving field which interacts with two ground state hyperfine levels is introduced, the quasi-lambda four-level system is modified to a closed-lambda four-level system. The behaviors of the driving field and radio field are studied in this paper and it is seen that the occurence of EIA or EIT and the whole probing properties are controlled by the Rabi frequencies of both driving field and radio field.

DOI
10.7498/aps.59.7008

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A quasi-lambda four-level system shows both electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). In addition to an optical coupling field and a probing field, there is a radio field which interacts with two excited state hyperfine levels of the quasi-lambda four-level system consisting of two excited state hyperfine levels and two ground state hyperfine levels. If a driving field which interacts with two ground state hyperfine levels is introduced, the quasi-lambda four-level system is modified to a closed-lambda four-level system. The behaviors of the driving field and radio field are studied in this paper and it is seen that the occurence of EIA or EIT and the whole probing properties are controlled by the Rabi frequencies of both driving field and radio field.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance is obtained in a well-studied lambda three level system where an optical coupling field and a probing field interact with two optical transitions. However, both electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) and EIT can be obtained in a modified quasi-lambda four level system consisting of an optical-radio two-photon coupling field and a probing field. By solving the density matrix equation of motion, a physical account of EIA and EIT is given in terms of a dressed state picture. It can be seen that the optical coupling field in this quasi-lambda four level system has a crucial effect on the forming of EIA and EIT. An EIA is observed under a resonant optical coupling and it evolves into an EIT when there is a detuning. Furthermore, the width of EIA or EIT increases as the optical coupling Rabi frequency increases.
In this paper we present a theoretical study of the nonlinear effect in the quasi-lambda type four-level system. The system consists of an excited state level and three ground state hyperfine levels. Probing and coupling field are coupled to between the excited state and two higher ground states, and the microwave field drives the two lower ground states which are associated with probing field. By solving the precision solutions of the equations of motion of density matrix, the absorption properties as a function of Rabi frequencies of the probing field and microwave field are given. As a result, the switch from double EIT to single EIA is found due to the power broadening of probing field. However, the splitting frequency of double EIT has some connection with the Rabi frequency of microwave field.
Both electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) and transparency (EIT) can be obtained in a modified quasi-lambda four level system consisting of an optical-radio two-photon coupling field and a probing field. A physical account of EIA and EIT is given in terms of a transient state picture in this paper. It can be seen that the optical coupling field in this quasi-lambda four level system has a crucial effect on the forming of EIA and EIT. An EIA is observed under a resonant optical coupling and it evolves into an EIT when there is a detuning.
Two resonant radio frequency fields are added to lambda three-level system in this paper. By discussing the behaviors of probing field absorption profiles under the effect of different Rabi frequencies of two radio frequency fields, the splitting of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) can be seen and the overlapping between EIT and gain can be obtained. The results show that the two radio frequency fields have different control functions on the system. The radio frequency field which interacts with hyperfine levels of ground state plays a role in the splitting of EIT, but the radio frequency field which interacts with hyperfine levels of excited state does not work on it. In addition only when the Rabi frequency of radio frequency field interacting with hyperfine levels of ground state is greater than with hyperfine levels of excited state, can the new features about the overlapping between EIT and gain be obtained.
The transparency and absorption of the Λ-type three-level scheme driven by two coupling fields were investigated.Mollow profile was obtained in a two-level scheme where a strong coupling field and a probing field were applied on the same optical transition between excited state and ground state.There was another coupling field which drived excited state to another ground states hyperfine level in this paper.The Λ-type three-level scheme driven by two coupling fields was introduced,and some new quantum coherent phenomena were given.It can be seen that there is superposition of Mollow profile and electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT) or electromagnetically induced absorption(EIA).The dependence of the position of EIT or EIA on Rabi frequencies and frequency detunings of two coupling fields is investigated.The results can be explained by dressed-state formalism.
Electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT) with extremely narrow spectral width is obtained in a well-studied lambda three level system where a coupling field and a probing field interact with two optical transitions.By tuning coupling field,it excites the transitions between two ground state hyperfine levels and excited state level.In this paper,both EIT and spontaneous radiation induced coherent dip can be obtained,and even the gain is observed to superpose to the EIT window.By discussing the behaviors of probing field absorption profiles under the effect of the tuned coupling field,it can be seen that there are quantum interference and coherence between EIT and spontaneous radiation induced coherent dip,and the coherence becomes remarkable when the excitation frequency of the coupling field satisfies certain conditions.