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Photonic Crystal Fiber Based Entangled Photon Sources

Kim F. Lee

Published Mar 1, 2014• 0 citations

Abstract

Abstract : SEE REPORTWe generate high-purity correlated and entangled photon-pairs at the telecom wavelengths in a cooled 10-meter highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF). In our previous project (contract no: FA8750-12-1-0136), we were able to generate correlated/entangled photon-pair using the highly nonlinear fiber in a counter-propagating scheme (CPS). With the HNLF at room temperature, we obtain coincidence-to-accidental ratio (CAR) 26-30 and two-photon interference with visibility 92%-93%. This is the best performance compared to the reported results in the literature on HNLF and Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) at telecom wavelengths. Unlike the PCF or microstructure fiber, the HNLF can be cooled at liquid nitrogen temperatures (77K) to suppress Raman photons. By cooling the HNLF, we expect to obtain a CAR 130 and two-photon interference with visibility 98%. We will verify the non-local behavior of high-purity HNLF-based entangled photon-pairs by making Bell s Inequalities measurements. We investigate the effect of multiple scattering on the telecom wavelength photon-pair. Our findings show that quantum correlation of polarization-entangled photon-pairs is better preserved than polarization-correlated photon-pairs in multiple scattering processes.

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Abstract : SEE REPORTWe generate high-purity correlated and entangled photon-pairs at the telecom wavelengths in a cooled 10-meter highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF). In our previous project (contract no: FA8750-12-1-0136), we were able to generate correlated/entangled photon-pair using the highly nonlinear fiber in a counter-propagating scheme (CPS). With the HNLF at room temperature, we obtain coincidence-to-accidental ratio (CAR) 26-30 and two-photon interference with visibility 92%-93%. This is the best performance compared to the reported results in the literature on HNLF and Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) at telecom wavelengths. Unlike the PCF or microstructure fiber, the HNLF can be cooled at liquid nitrogen temperatures (77K) to suppress Raman photons. By cooling the HNLF, we expect to obtain a CAR 130 and two-photon interference with visibility 98%. We will verify the non-local behavior of high-purity HNLF-based entangled photon-pairs by making Bell s Inequalities measurements. We investigate the effect of multiple scattering on the telecom wavelength photon-pair. Our findings show that quantum correlation of polarization-entangled photon-pairs is better preserved than polarization-correlated photon-pairs in multiple scattering processes.

Abstract : We generate photon pairs at telecom wavelength through a spontaneous four-wave mixing process in a short 10 m of highly nonlinear fiber. We use a counter propagating scheme to generate a correlated and entangled photon pair. We observe coincidence to accidental-coincidence ratio of 29 + or - 3 at room temperature (300 K) and as high as 130 + or - 5 when the fiber is cooled to liquid-nitrogen temperature (77 K). Two-photon interference with visibility 98% (92%) and the violation of Bell's inequality by 12 (approx. equal 5) standard deviation are observed at 77 K (300 K), respectively, without subtracting accidental-coincidence count. We obtain a photon-pair production rate about factor 3(2) higher than a 300 m dispersion-shifted fiber at 300 K (77 K).

We generate photon pairs at telecom wavelength through a spontaneous four-wave mixing process in a short 10 m of highly nonlinear fiber. We use a counterpropagating scheme to generate a correlated and entangled photon pair. We observe coincidence to accidental-coincidence ratio of 29±3 at room temperature (300 K) and as high as 130±5 when the fiber is cooled to liquid-nitrogen temperature (77 K). Two-photon interference with visibility >98% (>92%) and the violation of Bell's inequality by >12 (≈5) standard deviation are observed at 77 K (300 K), respectively, without subtracting accidental-coincidence count. We obtain a photon-pair production rate about factor 3(2) higher than a 300 m dispersion-shifted fiber at 300 K (77 K).

We study the purity of correlated photon pairs generated in a dispersion-shifted fiber at various temperatures. The ratio of coincidence to accidental-coincidence counts greater than 100 can be obtained as the fiber is cooled to liquid-nitrogen temperature (77 K). We then generate polarization-entangled photon pairs by using a compact counterpropagating scheme. Two-photon interference with visibility >98% and Bell's inequality violation by >8 standard deviations of measurement uncertainty are observed at 77 K, without subtracting the accidental-coincidence counts due to background Raman photons.

A one-meter-long high nonlinear photonic crystal fiber is pumped by laser pulse train at room temperature, and the generated correlated idler and signal photons are centred at 830 nm and 1411 nm, respectively. The full widths at half maximum of the broad band filters of the two channel are 15 nm and 35 nm, respectively. The fitting results of single channel photon counts reveal that almost all the photons originate from spontaneous four wave mixing and the influence of Raman scattering is eliminated. When the production rate is 0.0085 photon per pulse, the ratio between coincidence rate and accidental coincidence rate is measured to be 102, which not only confirms the low noise property of the photon pair, but also shows that the photon pair are naturally narrow band, and the collecting efficiency in our experiment is high. Moreover, these high purity photon pairs connect different optical bands, and have potential applications in quantum information technologies.