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OSA Quantum 2.0 Conference

High-fidelity Two-qubit Gates Using a MEMS-based Beam Steering System for Individual Qubit Addressing

Ye Wang, Stephen Crain, Chao Fang, Bichen Zhang, Pak Hong Leung, Shilin Huang, Qiyao Liang, Kenneth R. Brown, Jungsang Kim

Published Jan 1, 2020• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We realize and characterize high fidelity Mølmer-Sørensen gates in chains of up to four 171Yb+ ions using radial modes. The individual qubits are controlled by two addressing beams, which are steered using micro-fabricated tilting mirrors.
DOI
10.1364/quantum.2020.qw5b.1

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In a large scale trapped atomic ion quantum computer, high-fidelity two-qubit gates need to be extended over all qubits with individual control. We realize and characterize high-fidelity two-qubit gates in a system with up to four ions using radial modes. The ions are individually addressed by two tightly focused beams steered using microelectromechanical system mirrors. We deduce a gate fidelity of 99.49(7)% in a two-ion chain and 99.30(6)% in a four-ion chain by applying a sequence of up to 21 two-qubit gates and measuring the final state fidelity. We characterize the residual errors and discuss methods to further improve the gate fidelity towards values that are compatible with fault-tolerant quantum computation.
Individual addressing of trapped 171^{171}171Yb+^++ ion qubits using a MEMS-based beam steering system
The ability to individually manipulate the increasing number of qubits is one of the many challenges towards scalable quantum information processing with trapped ions. Using micro-mirrors fabricated with micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) technology, we focus laser beams on individual ions in a linear chain and steer the focal point in two dimensions. We demonstrate sequential single qubit gates on multiple 171^{171}171Yb+^++ qubits and characterize the gate performance using quantum state tomography. Our system features negligible crosstalk to neighboring ions (<3×10−4< 3\times 10^{-4}<3×10−4), and switching speed comparable to typical single qubit gate times ($
The ability to individually manipulate the increasing number of qubits is one of the many challenges towards scalable quantum information processing with trapped ions. Using micro-mirrors fabricated with micro-electromechanical systems technology, we focus laser beams on individual ions in a linear chain and steer the focal point in two dimensions. We demonstrate sequential single qubit gates on multiple 171Yb+ qubits and characterize the gate performance using quantum state tomography. Our system features negligible crosstalk to neighboring ions (⁠<3×10−4⁠), and switching speed comparable to typical single qubit gate times (<2 μs).
To provide scalability to quantum information processors utilizing trapped atoms or ions as quantum bits (qubits), the capability to address multiple individual qubits in a large array is needed. Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology can be used to create a flexible and scalable optical system to direct the necessary laser beams to multiple qubit locations. We developed beam steering optics using controllable MEMS mirrors that enable one laser beam to address multiple qubit locations in a two-dimensional trap lattice. MEMS mirror settling times of approximately 10 micros were demonstrated, which allow for fast access time between qubits.
Although trapped ion technology is well-suited for quantum information science, scalability of the system remains one of the main challenges. One of the challenges associated with scaling the ion trap quantum computer is the ability to individually manipulate the increasing number of qubits. Using micro-mirrors fabricated with micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) technology, laser beams are focused on individual ions in a linear chain and steer the focal point in two dimensions. Multiple single qubit gates are demonstrated on trapped 171Yb+ qubits and the gate performance is characterized using quantum state tomography. The system features negligible crosstalk to neighboring ions (< 3e-4), and switching speeds comparable to typical single qubit gate times (< 2 us). In a separate experiment, photons scattered from the 171Yb+ ion are coupled into an optical fiber with 63% efficiency using a high numerical aperture lens (0.6 NA). The coupled photons are directed to superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPD), which provide a higher detector efficiency (69%) compared to traditional photomultiplier tubes (35%). The total system photon collection efficiency is increased from 2.2% to 3.4%, which allows for fast state detection of the qubit. For a detection beam intensity of 11 mW/cm2, the average detection time is 23.7 us with 99.885(7)% detection fidelity. The technologies demonstrated in this thesis can be integrated to form a single quantum register with all of the necessary resources to perform local gates as well as high fidelity readout and provide a photon link to other systems.