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OSA Quantum 2.0 Conference

Experimental generation of non-Gaussian quantum states of a multimode light field

Young-Sik Ra, Adrien Dufour, Mattia Walschaers, Clément Jacquard, Thibault Michel, Claude Fabre, Nicolas Treps

Published Jan 1, 2020• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We generate non-Gaussian quantum states of a multimode light by subtracting a photon in a desired mode from multimode Gaussian states. We observed negativity of Wigner functions and the interplay between non-Gaussianity and entanglement.
DOI
10.1364/quantum.2020.qm4b.4

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Non-Gaussian operations are essential to exploit the quantum advantages in optical continuous variable quantum information protocols. We focus on mode-selective photon addition and subtraction as experimentally promising processes to create multimode non-Gaussian states. Our approach is based on correlation functions, as is common in quantum statistical mechanics and condensed matter physics, mixed with quantum optics tools. We formulate an analytical expression of the Wigner function after the subtraction or addition of a single photon, for arbitrarily many modes. It is used to demonstrate entanglement properties specific to non-Gaussian states and also leads to a practical and elegant condition for Wigner function negativity. Finally, we analyze the potential of photon addition and subtraction for an experimentally generated multimode Gaussian state.
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The addition or subtraction of a photon from a Gaussian state of light is a versatile and experimentally feasible procedure to create non-Gaussian states. In multimode setups, these states manifest a wide range of phenomena when the photon is added or subtracted in a mode-tunable way. In this paper we derive the truncated correlations, which are multimode generalizations of cumulants, between quadratures in different modes as statistical signatures of these states. These correlations are then used to obtain the full multimode Wigner function, the properties of which are subsequently studied. In particular we investigate the effect of impurity in the subtraction or addition process and evaluate its impact on the negativity of the Wigner function. Finally, we elaborate on the generation of inherent entanglement through subtraction or addition of a photon from a pure squeezed vacuum.
Multimode photon subtraction provides an experimentally feasible option to construct large non-Gaussian quantum states in continuous variable quantum optics. The non-Gaussian features of the state can lead towards the more exotic aspects of quantum theory, such as negativity of the Wigner function. However, the payoff for states with such delicate quantum properties is their sensitivity to decoherence. In this paper, we present a general model that treats the most important source of decoherence in a purely optical setting: losses. We use the framework of open quantum systems and master equations to describe losses in nnn-photon-subtracted multimode states, where each photon can be subtracted in an arbitrary mode. As a main result, we find that mode-dependent losses and photon subtraction generally do not commute. In particular, the losses do not only reduce the purity of the state, they also change the modal structure of its non-Gaussian features. We then conduct a detailed study of single-photon subtraction from a multimode Gaussian state, which is a setting that lies within the reach of present-day experiments.