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Semiconductors

Weak Magnetic Field Effects on the Photoluminescence of an Ensemble of NV Centers in Diamond: Experiment and Modelling

D. S. Filimonenko, Valery M. Yasinskii, Alexander P. Nizovtsev, S. Ya. Kilin, Fedor Jelezko

Published Dec 1, 2020• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract The relationship between the photoluminescence intensity of the ensemble of NV centers in diamond and external magnetic field was studied. The magnetic spectra exhibit two resonances. The broader one has a width of 20 G and its amplitude is independent of the polarization of the incident radiation. The narrow resonance with a width of 4 G is found to be polarization dependent and is only visible if the direction of magnetic field is more or less perpendicular to the laser light polarization. To describe the appearance of these resonances we have modified the 8-level model of the NV center by taking into account the cross-relaxation between the ground-state spin of the center and other surrounding electronic spins (those of differently aligned NV centers, substitutional N spins etc.).

DOI
10.1134/s1063782620120076

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arXiv:1609.06661•Sep 21, 2016•0 citations
Abstract The relationship between the photoluminescence intensity of the ensemble of NV centers in diamond and external magnetic field was studied. The magnetic spectra exhibit two resonances. The broader one has a width of 20 G and its amplitude is independent of the polarization of the incident radiation. The narrow resonance with a width of 4 G is found to be polarization dependent and is only visible if the direction of magnetic field is more or less perpendicular to the laser light polarization. To describe the appearance of these resonances we have modified the 8-level model of the NV center by taking into account the cross-relaxation between the ground-state spin of the center and other surrounding electronic spins (those of differently aligned NV centers, substitutional N spins etc.).
We present a combined experimental and theoretical study of the effect of magnetic field on the luminescence from an ensemble of NV centers in diamond. It was found that the intensity of infrared luminescence associated with transitions between singlet levels of NV centers shows a pronounced increase of a near-zero magnetic field. The influence of the power and polarization of laser radiation on the amplitude and shape of the revealed local maximum in IR-luminescence of NV centers is investigated. An eight-level photophysical model of an NV center in the presence of an arbitrarily directed magnetic field has been constructed and on its basis the calculation has been performed of the luminescence intensity emitted by an ensemble of NV center, both in the visible and infrared regions of the spectrum. It is shown that the phenomenological allowance for the cross-relaxation of NV centers between each other and with other paramagnetic centers in a diamond within the framework of this model allows describing the experimentally observed fluorescence features of an ensemble of NV centers in the presence of weak magnetic fields.
Abstract The photoluminescence intensity of the ensemble of NV centers in diamond at weak magnetic field was studied. Two resonances were revealed in the region of weak magnetic fields: the first resonance with a width of the order of 20 G, and the second resonance with a width of the order of 180 G. The presence of these optical resonances makes it possible to propose a new concept for creating magnetic field sensors based on a diamond with an ensemble of NV centers without the use of a microwave field.
The nitrogen-vacancy center (NV center) in diamond at magnetic fields corresponding to the ground-state level anticrossing (GSLAC) region gives rise to rich photoluminescence (PL) signals due to the vanishing energy gap between the electron spin states, which enables for a broad variety of environmental couplings to have an effect on the NV center's luminescence. Previous works have addressed several aspects of the GSLAC photoluminescence, however, a comprehensive analysis of the GSLAC signature of NV ensembles in different spin environments at various external fields is missing. Here we employ a combination of experiments and recently developed numerical methods to investigate in detail the effects of transverse electric and magnetic fields, strain, P1 centers, NV centers, and the 13C^{13}\mathrm{C}13C nuclear spins on the GSLAC photoluminescence. Our comprehensive analysis provides a solid ground for advancing various microwave-free applications at the GSLAC, including but not limited to magnetometry, spectroscopy, dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) detection. We demonstrate that not only the most abundant 14NV^{14}\mathrm{NV}14NV center but the 15NV^{15}\mathrm{NV}15NV can also be utilized in such applications.
The nitrogen-vacancy center (NV center) in diamond at magnetic fields corresponding to the ground-state level anticrossing (GSLAC) region gives rise to rich photoluminescence (PL) signals due to the vanishing energy gap between the electron spin states, which enables for a broad variety of environmental couplings to have an effect on the NV center’s luminescence. Previous works have addressed several aspects of the GSLAC photoluminescence, however, a comprehensive analysis of the GSLAC signature of NV ensembles in different spin environments at various external fields is missing. Here we employ a combination of experiments and recently developed numerical methods to investigate in detail the effects of transverse electric and magnetic fields, strain, P1 centers, NV centers, and the 13C nuclear spins on the GSLAC photoluminescence. Our comprehensive analysis provides a solid ground for advancing various microwave-free applications at the GSLAC, including but not limited to magnetometry, spectroscopy, dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) detection. We demonstrate that not only the most abundant 14NV center but the 15NV can also be utilized in such applications.
The low-magnetic-field feature in the magnetic field dependence of the luminescence of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV − ) centers in diamond has been experimentally observed for the first time. This feature, centered at the zero magnetic field—henceforth the zero field line—and observed with a magnetic field sweep of NV − center luminescence (magnetic spectrum), is quite narrow. The properties of this line are considerably different from those of other narrow NV − magnetic spectrum lines. Its amplitude is weakly dependent on the orientation of the single-crystal sample with respect to the external magnetic field. This line is also observed in a powdered sample. The shape of the line changes drastically with a change in the polarization of excitation light. The amplitude of the line non-linearly depends on excitation light intensity. For low intensities this dependence is close to the square law. We attribute the occurrence of this line to the dipole–dipole interaction between different NV − centers.
We report a study of the magnetic field dependence of the photo-luminescence of NV−^-− centers (negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centers) in diamond single crystals. In such a magnetic field dependence characteristic lines are observed, which are coming from Level Anti-Crossings (LACs) in the coupled electron-nuclear spin system. For enhancing the sensitivity, we used lock-in detection to measure the photo-luminescence intensity and observed a remarkably strong dependence of the LAC-derived lines on the modulation frequency. Upon decreasing of the modulation frequency from 12 kHz to 17 Hz the amplitude of the lines increases by approximately two orders of magnitude. To take a quantitative account for such effects, we developed a theoretical model, which describes the spin dynamics in the coupled electron-nuclear spin system under the action of an oscillating external magnetic field. Good agreement between experiments and theory allows us to conclude that the observed effects are originating from coherent spin polarization exchange in the NV−^-− center. Our results are of great practical importance allowing one to optimize the experimental conditions for probing LAC-derived lines in diamond defect centers.