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Physics of Electronic and Atomic Collisions: ICPEAC XI

The scattering of light by collisionally interacting pairs of atoms

Lothar Frommhold, Michael H. Proffitt

Published Jan 1, 1979• 0 citations
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arXiv:quant-ph/0505102•Physical Review A•Aug 2, 2005•2 citations
Abstract The tendency of identical bosons to bunch, seen in the Hanbury Brown–Twiss effect and Bose–Einstein condensation, is a hallmark of quantum statistics. This bunching can enhance the rates of fundamental processes such as atom–atom and atom–light scattering when atoms scatter into already occupied states. For non-interacting bosons, the enhancement of light scattering follows directly from the occupation of the atom’s final momentum state. Here we study scattering between off-resonant light and atoms in a quasi-homogeneous Bose gas with tunable interactions and show that even weak interactions, which essentially do not alter the momentum distribution, strongly affect atom–light scattering. Changes in local atomic correlations suppress the bosonic enhancement under weak repulsive interactions and increase the scattering rate under attractive ones. Moreover, if the interactions are rapidly tuned, light scattering reveals correlation dynamics that are orders of magnitude faster than the collisional dynamics of the momentum-space populations. Its extreme sensitivity to correlation effects makes off-resonant light scattering a powerful probe of many-body physics in ultracold atomic gases.
A method is described for estimating effective scattering lengths via spectroscopy on a trapped pair of atoms. The method relies on the phenomena that the energy levels of two atoms in a harmonic trap are shifted by their collisional interaction. The amount of shift depends on the strength of the interaction (i.e., scattering length). By combining the spectra of the trap state energy levels and a suitable model for the effective scattering length, an estimate for the latter may be inferred. Two practical methods for measuring the trap spectra are proposed and illustrated in examples. The accuracy of the scheme is analyzed and requirements on measurement precision are given.