Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Journal of Physics Conference Series

Clock transition excitation efficiency determination using an additional short clock π-pulse

Daniil I. Provorchenko, D. Mishin, E.S. Fedorova, Dmitry O. Tregubov, Artem A. Golovizin, В. Н. Сорокин, Ksenia Yu. Khabarova, N. Kolachevsky

Published Nov 1, 2020• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We demonstrate a simple and efficient readout procedure of the 1.14^m clock transition excitation efficiency in neutral thulium atoms. Our method utilizes additional but short clock n-pulse to measure number of atoms excited by spectroscopic clock pulse, that allows to determine excitation probability insensitive to fluctuation of number of atoms in the trap. It is important that this method can be used for both hyperfine components of the clock transition and does not require any additional lasers in the setup.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/1692/1/012003

Related papers

Detection of the clock transition in thulium atoms by using repump laser radiation

Dmitry O. Tregubov, Artem A. Golovizin, E.S. Fedorova +5 more

Abstract A population transfer from the upper level of the clock transition in thulium atoms to the ground level is demonstrated by using radiation with a wavelength of 402 nm. The method for detecting the clock transition excitation that is not affected by technical fluctuations of the number of atoms in an optical lattice is investigated. The hyperfine splitting of the |4f12(3F2)5d5/2 6s2; J = 7/2〉 level in the thulium atom is measured to be 1480(9) MHz. The suggested method for population transfer can be applied to both the hyperfine components of the clock transition intended for compensating Zeeman effect in a thulium optical clock.

Quantum Electronics•Jun 1, 2020•6 citations

Measurement of the Hyperfine Quenching Rate of the Clock Transition in Yb171

Chenyu Xu, Jaideep Taggart Singh, Jake Zappala +8 more

We report the first experimental determination of the hyperfine quenching rate of the $6{s}^{2}\text{ }^{1}{S}_{0}(F=1/2)\ensuremath{-}6s6p\text{ }^{3}{P}_{0}(F=1/2)$ transition in $^{171}\mathrm{Yb}$ with nuclear spin $I=1/2$. This rate determines the natural linewidth and the Rabi frequency of the clock transition of a Yb optical frequency standard. Our technique involves spectrally resolved fluorescence decay measurements of the lowest lying $^{3}{P}_{0,1}$ levels of neutral Yb atoms embedded in a solid Ne matrix. The solid Ne provides a simple way to trap a large number of atoms as well as an efficient mechanism for populating $^{3}{P}_{0}$. The decay rates in solid Ne are modified by medium effects including the index-of-refraction dependence. We find the $^{3}{P}_{0}$ hyperfine quenching rate to be $(4.42\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.35)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1{0}^{\ensuremath{-}2}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for free $^{171}\mathrm{Yb}$, which agrees with recent ab initio calculations.

arXiv:1406.2340•Physical Review Letters•Jul 18, 2014•12 citations

Absolute frequency measurements of the /sup 1/S/sub 0/-/sup 3/P/sub 0/ optical clock transition at 578 nm in neutral Yb

Chris W. Oates, Chad Hoyt, Zeb W. Barber +3 more

This work has focused on two atoms, Sr and Yb, due in part to the relatively high abundance of their odd isotopes, the use of which is necessary for appreciable direct excitation probability. The Sr clock transition has been measured (with an uncertainty of 20 kHz) using atoms in a magneto-optic trap (MOT), and has been excited with atoms confined in a one dimensional lattice. Here we report direct excitation of the Yb clock transition (at 578 nm) with atoms in a second-stage MOT, and the first fs-laser comb-based absolute measurements of the clock frequency for two different isotopes. These measurements lead to a nearly millionfold improvement in our knowledge of the transition frequencies, an important step toward Doppler-free spectroscopy of Yb atoms in a lattice.

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics•Jan 1, 2005•0 citations

Absolute frequency measurements of the /sup 1/S/sub 0/-/sup 3/P/sub 0/ optical clock transition at 578 nm in neutral Yb

Chris W. Oates, Chad Hoyt, Zeb W. Barber +3 more

This work has focused on two atoms, Sr and Yb, due in part to the relatively high abundance of their odd isotopes, the use of which is necessary for appreciable direct excitation probability. The Sr clock transition has been measured (with an uncertainty of 20 kHz) using atoms in a magneto-optic trap (MOT), and has been excited with atoms confined in a one dimensional lattice. Here we report direct excitation of the Yb clock transition (at 578 nm) with atoms in a second-stage MOT, and the first fs-laser comb-based absolute measurements of the clock frequency for two different isotopes. These measurements lead to a nearly millionfold improvement in our knowledge of the transition frequencies, an important step toward Doppler-free spectroscopy of Yb atoms in a lattice.

IEEE/LEOS Summer Topical Meetings•Nov 8, 2005•0 citations

Measurement of absolute frequencies of transitions in thulium atoms

Artem A. Golovizin, Dmitry O. Tregubov, M. O. Yaushev +3 more

Clock transition at $1.14 \mu \mathrm{m}$ in neutral thulium is a promising candidate for compact and robust transportable optical clock due to its extremely low sensitivity to external electric and magnetic fields. Cold Tm atoms are now used in optical lattice clocks, quantum simulators and for the study of Bose-Einstein condensation and cold collision physics. In this work, we discuss experimentally measured absolute frequencies of the two transitions at 410.6 nm and 530.7 nm, used for laser cooling of thulium atoms, transition at 418.8 nm used for optical pumping and clock transition at 1140 nm. Using accurate laser spectroscopy in an ensemble of cold thulium atoms, we measured frequencies of these transitions using an optical frequency comb, which was referenced to an active hydrogen maser. Transition frequencies were measured with an uncertainty at one tenth of their natural linewidth, which is sufficient for cooling and pumping of thulium atoms. The uncertainty of the clock transition frequency is 30 Hz, which was limited by the maser frequency calibration with GNSS. Our results can find application in existing experiments with cold thulium atoms and especially in new projects.

International Conference Laser Optics (ICLO)•Jul 1, 2024•0 citations

Simultaneous preparation of two initial clock states in a thulium optical clock

E.S. Fedorova, Artem A. Golovizin, Dmitry O. Tregubov +5 more

Because of the low sensitivity of a thulium optical clock to black-body radiation and good accuracy and stability estimations, it is considered as a promising transportable optical clock. One of the leading systematic effects for Tm clock transition, i.e., the second-order Zeeman effect, can be canceled by probing two clock transitions between different hyperfine levels of ground and metastable states during clock operation. Herein, we demonstrate efficient optical pumping into the ${m}_{F}=0$ state of both ground hyperfine levels using single-frequency radiation at 418.8 nm. We prepared the atoms in both target states simultaneously and excited two clock transitions alternately. The resulting population of ${m}_{F}=0$ states of ground hyperfine levels was 36% and 3.8% of the initial number of atoms with less than 4% and 0.4% on nonzero magnetic sublevels, respectively. We performed numerical simulations of the optical pumping process, which is able to explain experimental results well.

arXiv:2008.02050•Physical Review A•Dec 17, 2020•22 citations
Abstract We demonstrate a simple and efficient readout procedure of the 1.14^m clock transition excitation efficiency in neutral thulium atoms. Our method utilizes additional but short clock n-pulse to measure number of atoms excited by spectroscopic clock pulse, that allows to determine excitation probability insensitive to fluctuation of number of atoms in the trap. It is important that this method can be used for both hyperfine components of the clock transition and does not require any additional lasers in the setup.
Abstract A population transfer from the upper level of the clock transition in thulium atoms to the ground level is demonstrated by using radiation with a wavelength of 402 nm. The method for detecting the clock transition excitation that is not affected by technical fluctuations of the number of atoms in an optical lattice is investigated. The hyperfine splitting of the |4f12(3F2)5d5/2 6s2; J = 7/2〉 level in the thulium atom is measured to be 1480(9) MHz. The suggested method for population transfer can be applied to both the hyperfine components of the clock transition intended for compensating Zeeman effect in a thulium optical clock.
We report the first experimental determination of the hyperfine quenching rate of the $6{s}^{2}\text{ }^{1}{S}_{0}(F=1/2)\ensuremath{-}6s6p\text{ }^{3}{P}_{0}(F=1/2)$ transition in 171Yb^{171}\mathrm{Yb}171Yb with nuclear spin I=1/2I=1/2I=1/2. This rate determines the natural linewidth and the Rabi frequency of the clock transition of a Yb optical frequency standard. Our technique involves spectrally resolved fluorescence decay measurements of the lowest lying 3P0,1^{3}{P}_{0,1}3P0,1​ levels of neutral Yb atoms embedded in a solid Ne matrix. The solid Ne provides a simple way to trap a large number of atoms as well as an efficient mechanism for populating 3P0^{3}{P}_{0}3P0​. The decay rates in solid Ne are modified by medium effects including the index-of-refraction dependence. We find the 3P0^{3}{P}_{0}3P0​ hyperfine quenching rate to be $(4.42\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.35)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1{0}^{\ensuremath{-}2}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for free 171Yb^{171}\mathrm{Yb}171Yb, which agrees with recent ab initio calculations.
This work has focused on two atoms, Sr and Yb, due in part to the relatively high abundance of their odd isotopes, the use of which is necessary for appreciable direct excitation probability. The Sr clock transition has been measured (with an uncertainty of 20 kHz) using atoms in a magneto-optic trap (MOT), and has been excited with atoms confined in a one dimensional lattice. Here we report direct excitation of the Yb clock transition (at 578 nm) with atoms in a second-stage MOT, and the first fs-laser comb-based absolute measurements of the clock frequency for two different isotopes. These measurements lead to a nearly millionfold improvement in our knowledge of the transition frequencies, an important step toward Doppler-free spectroscopy of Yb atoms in a lattice.
This work has focused on two atoms, Sr and Yb, due in part to the relatively high abundance of their odd isotopes, the use of which is necessary for appreciable direct excitation probability. The Sr clock transition has been measured (with an uncertainty of 20 kHz) using atoms in a magneto-optic trap (MOT), and has been excited with atoms confined in a one dimensional lattice. Here we report direct excitation of the Yb clock transition (at 578 nm) with atoms in a second-stage MOT, and the first fs-laser comb-based absolute measurements of the clock frequency for two different isotopes. These measurements lead to a nearly millionfold improvement in our knowledge of the transition frequencies, an important step toward Doppler-free spectroscopy of Yb atoms in a lattice.
Clock transition at 1.14μm1.14 \mu \mathrm{m}1.14μm in neutral thulium is a promising candidate for compact and robust transportable optical clock due to its extremely low sensitivity to external electric and magnetic fields. Cold Tm atoms are now used in optical lattice clocks, quantum simulators and for the study of Bose-Einstein condensation and cold collision physics. In this work, we discuss experimentally measured absolute frequencies of the two transitions at 410.6 nm and 530.7 nm, used for laser cooling of thulium atoms, transition at 418.8 nm used for optical pumping and clock transition at 1140 nm. Using accurate laser spectroscopy in an ensemble of cold thulium atoms, we measured frequencies of these transitions using an optical frequency comb, which was referenced to an active hydrogen maser. Transition frequencies were measured with an uncertainty at one tenth of their natural linewidth, which is sufficient for cooling and pumping of thulium atoms. The uncertainty of the clock transition frequency is 30 Hz, which was limited by the maser frequency calibration with GNSS. Our results can find application in existing experiments with cold thulium atoms and especially in new projects.
Because of the low sensitivity of a thulium optical clock to black-body radiation and good accuracy and stability estimations, it is considered as a promising transportable optical clock. One of the leading systematic effects for Tm clock transition, i.e., the second-order Zeeman effect, can be canceled by probing two clock transitions between different hyperfine levels of ground and metastable states during clock operation. Herein, we demonstrate efficient optical pumping into the mF=0{m}_{F}=0mF​=0 state of both ground hyperfine levels using single-frequency radiation at 418.8 nm. We prepared the atoms in both target states simultaneously and excited two clock transitions alternately. The resulting population of mF=0{m}_{F}=0mF​=0 states of ground hyperfine levels was 36% and 3.8% of the initial number of atoms with less than 4% and 0.4% on nonzero magnetic sublevels, respectively. We performed numerical simulations of the optical pumping process, which is able to explain experimental results well.