Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Springer eBooks

Observation of Aharonov-Bohm effect by electron holography

Akira Tonomura, Tsuyoshi Matsuda, Ryō Suzuki, A. Fukuhara, Nobuyuki Osakabe, Hiroshi Umezaki, Juro ENDO, Kiminari SHINAGAWA, Y. Sugita, Hideo Fujiwara

Published Apr 6, 2008• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/3-540-11994-9_23

Related papers

Remarks on « Observation of Aharonov-Bohm effect by electron holography »

P. Bocchieri, A. Loinger, Giovanni Siragusa

Lettere al nuovo cimento della societa italiana di fisica/Lettere al nuovo cimento•Nov 1, 1982•16 citations

Electron holography and Aharonov-Bohm effect

Akira Tonomura

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment•Apr 1, 1992•1 citation

Experimental Confirmation of the Aharonov-Bohm Effect by Electron Holography

Akira Tonomura

•Mar 1, 1991•1 citation

Observation of Aharonov-Bohm Effect by Electron Holography

Akira Tonomura, Tsuyoshi Matsuda, Ryō Suzuki +7 more

In this experiment, an electron- and optical-holographic technique is employed with small toroidal ferromagnets each forming a magnetic-flux closure. The holographic interferometry proves that a phase difference between two electron beams having passed through the field-free regions agrees well with the fundamental relation known as the Aharonov-Bohm effect. It is also confirmed from the same hologram that flux leakage from the toroids does not affect the conclusion.

Physical Review Letters•May 24, 1982•266 citations

ELECTRON HOLOGRAPHY AND AHARONOV-BOHM EFFECT

Akira Tonomura

The Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect was tested under conditions where an electron wave and a magnetic field did not overlap: the Meissner effect of the superconductor shielding a toroidal ferromagnet eliminated the leakage field. Using the newly-developed technique of electron holography, conclusive evidence for the AB effect was obtained by detecting a relative phase shift of π between the two electron waves passing through the hole and outside the toroid. The detected phase shift value of exactly π comes from the quantization of the magnetic flux within the superconductor. This quantization assures the complete shielding of the magnetic field.

International Journal of Modern Physics B•Apr 1, 1989•3 citations

New results on the Aharonov-Bohm effect with electron interferometry

Akira Tonomura

Physica B+C•Jul 1, 1988•16 citations
The Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect was tested under conditions where an electron wave and a magnetic field did not overlap: the Meissner effect of the superconductor shielding a toroidal ferromagnet eliminated the leakage field. Using the newly-developed technique of electron holography, conclusive evidence for the AB effect was obtained by detecting a relative phase shift of π between the two electron waves passing through the hole and outside the toroid. The detected phase shift value of exactly π comes from the quantization of the magnetic flux within the superconductor. This quantization assures the complete shielding of the magnetic field.