Young’s one-dimension-double-slit experiment represents the basic mystery of quantum world and was extended to which-way-1D-double-slit experiment. To explore the mystery, 2D-cross-double-slit apparatuses have been proposed, which consists of more than one double-slits intersecting to each other. In this article, we report which-way-2D-cross-double-slit experiments by detecting which slit of a double-slit of 2D-cross-double-slit apparatus a photon would pass through. The experimental results show that photons passing through the detected double-slit behave as particle, while photons passing through other undetected double-slit(s) distribute as wave in the same experiment with the same apparatus. Namely the particle nature and wave distribution coexist, which violates Bohr’s complementarity principle. We suggest that photon’s “particle nature” is intrinsic, while the term “wave nature” represents a wave-like distribution, which is a consequence of movement of photon as particle. It is a challenge to interpret mathematically those observations consistently.
Young’s one-dimension-double-slit experiment represents the basic mystery of quantum world and was extended to which-way-1D-double-slit experiment. To explore the mystery, 2D-cross-double-slit apparatuses have been proposed, which consists of more than one double-slits intersecting to each other. In this article, we report which-way-2D-cross-double-slit experiments by detecting which slit of a double-slit of 2D-cross-double-slit apparatus a photon would pass through. The experimental results show that photons passing through the detected double-slit behave as particle, while photons passing through other undetected double-slit(s) distribute as wave in the same experiment with the same apparatus. Namely the particle nature and wave distribution coexist, which violates Bohr’s complementarity principle. We suggest that photon’s “particle nature” is intrinsic, while the term “wave nature” represents a wave-like distribution, which is a consequence of movement of photon as particle. It is a challenge to interpret mathematically those observations consistently.
Young's 1D-dimension-double-slit experiments represent the basic mystery of quantum world and was extended to which-way-1D-double-slit experiment. To explore the mystery, 2D-cross-double-slit diaphragm have been proposed, which consists of more than one double-slits intersecting to each other at the same spot. In this article, the extended which-way 2D cross-double slit experiments are presented to test the normal interpretation of the which way experiments. The experimental results show that photons passing through the detected double-slit behave as particle, while photons passing through other undetected double-slit(s) distribute as wave in the same experiment with the same diaphragm. Namely the particle nature and wave distribution coexist, which violates Bohr's complementarity principle. It is a challenge to interpret those observations consistently.
Young's double slit experiments representing the mystery of quantum mechanics have been descripted by wave theories. To study the mystery, the double slit experiments were extended to the cross-double slit experiments. A description should explain all the double slit and cross-double slit experiments consistently. To test the wave description, the two postulates are proposed, which state that before passing through the double slit and before landing on the detector, photons behave as particles, but not as waves. To test the two postulates, the comprehensive double slit/cross-double slit experiments are proposed and performed. By placing shields and/or blockers near the detector/screen, the comprehensive double slit/cross-double slit experiments show that the fringes are created independently and partially, which discloses the particle nature of photons in the double slit/crossdouble slit experiments and violates the wave descriptions. The comprehensive double slit/cross-double slit experiments provide the comprehensive phenomena for developing theoretical model to study the mystery of double slit, complementarity principle, wave-particle duality, and wave theory of light.
Young’s double slit experiments, which represent the mystery of quantum mechanics, have been interpreted by quantum probability waves and pilot waves. In this article, to study the mystery, we introduce the “virtual box” which represents the slide of double-slit and its right-hand neighborhood. Within, and only within, the “virtual box” the standard wave interference patterns are formed. We propose and carry out “comprehensive double slit experiments” that show that, first, light travelling from a laser source towards the slides of double slit and/or cross-double slit behaves as particle (postulate-1), and second, after leaving the "virtual box" zone and being directed towards the detector, the light behaves as a stream of photons (postulate-2) with no further interference due to the slits. On the one hand, the interference patterns do exist in the comprehensive-double slit experiments. On the other hand, we show four novel phenomena: (1) the fringes of the interference patterns are formed independently; (2) the fringes of the interference patterns can be formed partially; (3) the longitudinal shields do not disturb the interference patterns; and (4) the range of the virtual box is less than one inch. These novel phenomena indicate that photons behave as particles, and would not be expected if photons behave as waves created by the double slit and/or cross double slit. The comprehensive-double slit experiments show the coexistence of wave distribution and particle nature of photons in the same experiment, which violates complementarity principle and thus, seems a paradox. We suggest an interpretation to address the paradox. All observations of the comprehensive-double slit experiments are consistent. Progress in studying the mystery of the double slit experiment is presented.
We report observations of Cross-Double-Slit Experiment and Which-Path-Cross-Double-Slit experiment. Cross-Double-Slit apparatus contains two double-slit, where first double-slit is perpendicular to second double-slit. The first double-slit and the second double-slit generate not only their own interference pattern perpendicular to each other, but also generate “Cross-interference-patterns”. When we do which-way experiment with one of two double-slit, say first double-slit, then its interference pattern disappeared, i.e., photons behave as particles; but the second double-slit’s interference pattern and the cross-interference-pattern still exist; which implies an significant phenomenon that in the same experiment, photons behave as both wave and particle, which is first time caught on film. Thus we suggest to re-study wave-particle duality, which is the basic mystery of quantum mechanics. We postulate that the particle nature of photons is intrinsic; while the wave-like of photons is manifest-behavior.
Young’s double slit experiments, which represent the mystery of quantum mechanics, have been interpreted by quantum probability waves and by de Broglie-Bohm trajectories/pilot waves. Computer simulations of Bohm’s theory predict that (1) trajectories cannot cross, and (2) there is a triangle-shape area behind the double slit, in which there is no trajectory, i.e., no photons. In this article, we report the observations of novel comprehensive double slit experiments, which show that trajectories exist and cross in the triangular area. We show new phenomena that, in 2D cross double slit experiments and which way 2D cross double slit experiments, photons propagate along trajectories in the far field, and behave as particle and distribute as wave.
Abstract Young’s double slit experiments, which represent the mystery of quantum mechanics, have been interpreted by quantum probability waves and de Broglie-Bohm’s trajectory/pilot waves. To study in detail, the double slit experiments are extended to the cross double slit experiments. We argue that an interpretation must be able to explain all of the double slit and cross double slit experiments consistently. To test the interpretations, the comprehensive double slit experiments have been performed, which challenge both the wave interpretation and the trajectory interpretation. The cross double slit experiments and comprehensive double slit experiments provide a new tool for studying the mystery of double slit, wave-particle duality, complementarity principle, wave theory and trajectory theory. In this article, we review the cross double slit experiments and comprehensive double slit experiments, and report new experiments.