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Conference proceedings - Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering

Deploying an OFDM Physical Layer Security with High Rate Data for 5G Wireless Networks

Saeed Komeylian, Somayeh Komeylian

Published Aug 30, 2020• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Open nature of wireless networks leads to being sensitive to eavesdropping. Hence, a tremendous growth of literature has carried out challenges in privacy and security in wireless networks. Conventional techniques would be highly susceptible to technological imperfections, over-exposed to eavesdroppers and dependent on complicated mathematics, leading to failure for deploying secure transmission wireless channels. In this study, we have significantly boosted the performance of the physical layer security in the 5G downlink transmission system by implementing the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technique twice in the wiretap channel. We have fully compared the performance of exploiting the OFDM technique twice in the wiretap channel with its counterpart available approach with the one OFDM technique. This study has a major contribution to compare the performance of the two aforementioned techniques in terms of the secrecy capacity, the success rate of an eavesdropper, and the OFDM-modulation efficiency. The simulation results have verified that an extreme security rate and a very low success rate for the eavesdropper in the proposed technique. In addition, we have confirmed that the OFDM-64-QAM3/4 technique shows the ultimate performance in terms of a smaller number of errors, less value of BERs, and high rate modulation compared to the other modulation techniques. In the following, we have represented the simulation results of the active user throughput for the further evaluation of the proposed channel model.

DOI
10.1109/ccece47787.2020.9255770

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Open nature of wireless networks leads to being sensitive to eavesdropping. Hence, a tremendous growth of literature has carried out challenges in privacy and security in wireless networks. Conventional techniques would be highly susceptible to technological imperfections, over-exposed to eavesdroppers and dependent on complicated mathematics, leading to failure for deploying secure transmission wireless channels. In this study, we have significantly boosted the performance of the physical layer security in the 5G downlink transmission system by implementing the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technique twice in the wiretap channel. We have fully compared the performance of exploiting the OFDM technique twice in the wiretap channel with its counterpart available approach with the one OFDM technique. This study has a major contribution to compare the performance of the two aforementioned techniques in terms of the secrecy capacity, the success rate of an eavesdropper, and the OFDM-modulation efficiency. The simulation results have verified that an extreme security rate and a very low success rate for the eavesdropper in the proposed technique. In addition, we have confirmed that the OFDM-64-QAM3/4 technique shows the ultimate performance in terms of a smaller number of errors, less value of BERs, and high rate modulation compared to the other modulation techniques. In the following, we have represented the simulation results of the active user throughput for the further evaluation of the proposed channel model.
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been established as the preferred modulation choice for high-rate data transmission over dispersive channels, as it allows rejection of inter-symbol interference (ISI) and efficient utilization of the available spectrum. We address the issues of determining achievable secrecy rates and secrecy capacity for OFDM transmission in the presence of a generic eavesdropper. In doing so, we refrain from making the restrictive assumption made in previous works that the eavesdropper uses a standard fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based demodulator. First, the high SNR secrecy capacity under a total input power constraint is evaluated for both cyclic prefix and zero-padding suffix OFDM systems. It is shown that in both cases the result is sensibly lower than what we would get if the eavesdropper used an OFDM receiver. Then, optimal power allocation schemes are proposed for both types of OFDM systems and the secrecy rates are compared with results obtained by using existing power allocation methods described in the literature for parallel Gaussian wiretap channels and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) Gaussian wiretap channels.
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems have enjoyed widespread adoption as the physical layer standard for high data rate wired and wireless networks, due to their ability to efficiently cope with slowly varying dispersive channels. Therefore in searching for feasible implementations of physical layer security techniques, it is appropriate to analyze how existing information theoretic results can be applied to the OFDM structure This paper considers the information theoretic secrecy rates that are achievable in a wiretap OFDM channel when transmitting quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellation symbols. The loss with respect to the secrecy rates obtained with Gaussian distributed inputs is evaluated for both nite constellation cardinalities and in the asymptotic approximation of arbitrarily high cardinality. Moving from the insight gained with this analysis, we propose bit-loading strategies to efficiently allocate the appropriate number of bits in each subchannel, by considering the twofold objective of minimizing the loss with respect to the Gaussian input secrecy capacity and minimizing the total bit load.
One benefit of 5G network deployment relates to the smaller size of cells allowing low latency and increased users capacity. The downside is that the potential eavesdroppers could be closer to the victim making the security more challenging. So it is clear the need for enhanced privacy protection in the next generation communications systems even for low power/low complexity IoT devices. The last few years there are numerous research efforts to enhance transmitted information security with complementary techniques that operate in physical layer. In this paper we propose a physical layer scheme that complements the security schemes implemented in the upper layers or/and in the physical layer. The proposed scheme takes advantage of the pilot subcarriers that are part of an OFDM transmission. Pilot subcarriers are essential for the pilot channel estimation process performed at the receiver. In conventional OFDM systems the positions of pilot subcarriers are known. In this paper we propose the positions of the subcarriers to change on every OFDM symbol following a probability distribution known only to the legitimate transmitter and legitimate receiver. This puts a passive eavesdropper at a relative disadvantage compared to a legitimate receiver, because it does not know the position of the pilot subcarriers. To evaluate the security performance of the proposed scheme the secrecy capacity and the outage probability are used as metrics.
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) offers a promising solution for emerging high-data-rate services. Moreover, physical layer security was proposed as an alternative way to provide information security in wireless communications. In this work, we focus on improving physical layer security in OFDM systems. Our approach perturbs the effective channels observed at eavesdroppers by nonlinear distortion, while maintaining the same effective channel experienced at the intended receiver. At the transmitter, the perturbation on eavesdropper's effective channel is random and can be changed on a symbol-by-symbol basis based on the known original channel state information (CSI). At the intended receiver, no additional information or information exchange with the transmitter is required for data detection. We derive the results of the proposed scheme for the multiple-input single-output single-antenna-eavesdropper (MISOSE) wiretap channel. According to simulations, the proposed scheme can severely degrade the receiving performance at eavesdroppers and outperform the artificial-noise-based approaches in the performance measure of BER.
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems have enjoyed widespread adoption in high data rate wired and wireless networks, due to their ability to efficiently cope with slowly varying dispersive channels. This paper considers the information theoretic secrecy rates that are achievable by an OFDM transmitter/receiver pair in the presence of an eavesdropper that might either use an OFDM structure or choose a more complex receiver architecture. The analysis is performed through modeling of the OFDM system with an eavesdropper as a special case of a high dimensional multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wiretap channel, which allows the secrecy loss due to the OFDM structure constraints, and the information gain for an eavesdropper that uses a more complex receiver to be quantified. The results are expressed in terms of both ergodic rates and outage probabilities for multipath Rayleigh fading channels, and in terms of dependence on the signal to noise ratio (SNR) ratio between the main and eavesdropper channels.
Many physical-layer security works in the literature rely on purely theoretical work or simulated results to establish the value of physical-layer security in securing communications. We consider the secrecy capacity of a wireless Gaussian wiretap channel using channel sounding measurements to analyze the potential for secure communication in a real-world scenario. A multi-input, multi-output, multi-eavesdropper (MIMOME) system is deployed using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) over an 802.11n wireless network. Channel state information (CSI) measurements were taken in an indoor environment to analyze time-varying scenarios and spatial variations. It is shown that secrecy capacity is highly affected by environmental changes, such as foot traffic, network congestion, and propagation characteristics of the physical environment. We also present a numerical method for calculating MIMOME secrecy capacity in general and comment on the use of OFDM with regard to calculating secrecy capacity.