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Quantum switches and quantum memories for matter-wave lattice solitons

V. Ahufinger, A. Mebrahtu, R. Corbalán, Anna Sanpera

Published Jan 1, 2007• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the possibility of implementing a quantum switch and a quantum memory using matter-wave lattice solitons and making them interact with 'effective' potentials (barrier/well) corresponding to defects of the optical lattice. In the case of interaction with an 'effective' potential barrier, the bright lattice soliton experiences an abrupt transition from complete transmission to complete reflection ( quantum switch) for a critical height of the barrier. The trapping of the soliton in an 'effective' potential well and its release on demand, without losses, shows the feasibility of using the system as a quantum memory. The inclusion of defects as a way of controlling the interactions between two solitons is also reported.

DOI
10.15488/1312

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We study the possibility of implementing a quantum switch and a quantum memory using matter-wave lattice solitons and making them interact with 'effective' potentials (barrier/well) corresponding to defects of the optical lattice. In the case of interaction with an 'effective' potential barrier, the bright lattice soliton experiences an abrupt transition from complete transmission to complete reflection ( quantum switch) for a critical height of the barrier. The trapping of the soliton in an 'effective' potential well and its release on demand, without losses, shows the feasibility of using the system as a quantum memory. The inclusion of defects as a way of controlling the interactions between two solitons is also reported.
We study the possibility of implementing a quantum switch and a quantum memory using matter-wave lattice solitons and making them interact with 'effective' potentials (barrier/well) corresponding to defects of the optical lattice. In the case of interaction with an 'effective' potential barrier, the bright lattice soliton experiences an abrupt transition from complete transmission to complete reflection (quantum switch) for a critical height of the barrier. The trapping of the soliton in an 'effective' potential well and its release on demand, without losses, shows the feasibility of using the system as a quantum memory. The inclusion of defects as a way of controlling the interactions between two solitons is also reported.
Matter-wave bright solitons are predicted to reflect from a purely attractive potential well although they are macroscopic objects with classical particle-like properties. The non-classical reflection occurs at small velocities and a pronounced switching to almost perfect transmission above a critical velocity is found, caused by nonlinear mean-field interactions. Full numerical results from the nonlinear Schrödinger equation are complimented by a two-mode variational calculation to explain the predicted effect, which can be used for velocity filtering of solitons. The experimental realization with laser-induced potentials or two-component Bose-Einstein condensates is suggested.
Matter-wave bright solitons are predicted to reflect from a purely attractive potential well although they are macroscopic objects with classical particle-like properties. The non-classical reflection occurs at small velocities and a pronounced switching to almost perfect transmission above a critical velocity is found, caused by nonlinear mean-field interactions. Full numerical results from the nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equation are complimented by a two-mode variational calculation to explain the predicted effect, which can be used for velocity filtering of solitons. The experimental realization with laser-induced potentials or two-component Bose-Einstein condensates is suggested.
The interaction of a MW GS with a double-barrier potential resembling a Fabry- Perot cavity formed by two potential barriers. The behaviour of the incident soliton hitting the first barrier remains as described above, i.e., an abrupt transition from perfect transmission to perfect reflection occurs. Nevertheless, when the height of the barriers is close to this transition, and the length of the cavity is larger than the size of the soliton, the soliton which has passed the first barrier may get trapped in the cavity, in a state of oscillatory motion. Thus, three scenarios are identified in the interaction of the incident soliton with the double- barrier structure: complete reflection, complete transmission, and trapping into the oscillatory state. It is relevant to note that the GS may be trapped in the cavity entirely, without losses.
We investigate collisions of solitons of the gap type, supported by a lattice potential in repulsive Bose-Einstein condensates, with an effective double-barrier potential that resembles a Fabry-Perot cavity. We identify conditions under which the trapping of the entire incident soliton in the cavity is possible. Collisions of the incident soliton with an earlier trapped one are considered too. In the latter case, many outcomes of the collisions are identified, including merging, release of the trapped soliton with or without being replaced by the incoming one, and trapping of both solitons.
The physical mechanism underlying scattering properties of matter-wave gap solitons (GSs) by linear-optical-lattice defects is investigated. The occurrence of repeated reflection, transmission, and trapping regions for increasing strengths of an optical-lattice defect are shown to be due to resonances with impurity modes inside the defect potential with chemical potentials and numbers of atoms matching corresponding quantities of the incoming GSs. For small amplitude GSs the number of these resonances coincides with the number of bound states existing in the defect potential for the given defect strength. The dependence of the positions and widths of the transmission resonant peaks on incoming velocities is investigated by means of defect-mode analysis and effective-mass theory. The comparisons with direct integrations of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation provide good agreement confirming the correctness of our approach. Multiple resonant transmissions through arrays of optical lattice defects are also investigated and the possibility of using them for very precise GS dynamical filters is also suggested.