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Acta Physica Sinica

Local hybrid optical encryption system based on double random phase encoding

Xiangxin Xu, Jun Chang, Chuhan Wu, Dalin Song

Published Jan 1, 2020• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Most of the existing selective encryption schemes are based on image processing and cannot be realized by optical structures, so their practicality is limited. Combining the optical design, a local hybrid optical encryption system based on double random phase encoding is proposed. The system proposed in this paper possesses a common aperture and dual optical path structure, which is widely used in optical design and can effectively improve the practicality of optical encryption system. First, important information and non-important information in the original image are separated by a selective beam splitter. Then light waves carrying important information enter into the 4f system for encryption, and light waves carrying non-important information enter into the diffraction system for encryption. Finally, part of the diffraction system ciphertext is replaced with 4f system ciphertext to obtain the final encrypted image. Decryption is the reverse process of encryption. First, the 4f system ciphertext is cut out from the final ciphertext. Then the 4f system ciphertext is used to restore the information replaced in the diffraction system ciphertext, thereby obtaining the complete diffraction system ciphertext. Finally, the two ciphertexts go through the reverse process of their respective systems to complete the decryption. By comparing the statistical characteristics and mean square error of the original image and the encrypted image, the effectiveness of the proposed system's encryption process is proved. By analyzing the peak signal-to-noise ratio of the original image and the decrypted image, the effectiveness of the proposed system's decryption process is proved. The sensitivity of each key of the system is analyzed to prove the security of the system. Especially the system is highly sensitive to selective encryption key, which proves the effectiveness and security of the proposed system for selective encryption. Through simulation, it is verified that the proposed system is very resistant to diffraction attacks. Even if he can obtain all the diffraction keys, the attacker still cannot obtain the selectively encrypted information. Finally, through simulation, it is verified that the proposed system has good noise resistance and crop resistance, and high robustness as well. The proposed system can realize the selective encryption through optical structure, which is safe, effective and highly robust, and thus improving the practicality of selective optical encryption system.

DOI
10.7498/aps.69.20200478

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•Jun 1, 2022•1 citation
Most of the existing selective encryption schemes are based on image processing and cannot be realized by optical structures, so their practicality is limited. Combining the optical design, a local hybrid optical encryption system based on double random phase encoding is proposed. The system proposed in this paper possesses a common aperture and dual optical path structure, which is widely used in optical design and can effectively improve the practicality of optical encryption system. First, important information and non-important information in the original image are separated by a selective beam splitter. Then light waves carrying important information enter into the 4f system for encryption, and light waves carrying non-important information enter into the diffraction system for encryption. Finally, part of the diffraction system ciphertext is replaced with 4f system ciphertext to obtain the final encrypted image. Decryption is the reverse process of encryption. First, the 4f system ciphertext is cut out from the final ciphertext. Then the 4f system ciphertext is used to restore the information replaced in the diffraction system ciphertext, thereby obtaining the complete diffraction system ciphertext. Finally, the two ciphertexts go through the reverse process of their respective systems to complete the decryption. By comparing the statistical characteristics and mean square error of the original image and the encrypted image, the effectiveness of the proposed system's encryption process is proved. By analyzing the peak signal-to-noise ratio of the original image and the decrypted image, the effectiveness of the proposed system's decryption process is proved. The sensitivity of each key of the system is analyzed to prove the security of the system. Especially the system is highly sensitive to selective encryption key, which proves the effectiveness and security of the proposed system for selective encryption. Through simulation, it is verified that the proposed system is very resistant to diffraction attacks. Even if he can obtain all the diffraction keys, the attacker still cannot obtain the selectively encrypted information. Finally, through simulation, it is verified that the proposed system has good noise resistance and crop resistance, and high robustness as well. The proposed system can realize the selective encryption through optical structure, which is safe, effective and highly robust, and thus improving the practicality of selective optical encryption system.
A novel optical image encryption system is proposed using password key based on phase retrieval algorithm (PRA). In the encryption process, a shared image is taken as a symmetric key and the plaintext is encoded into the phase-only mask based on the iterative PRA. The linear relationship between the plaintext and ciphertext is broken using the password key, which can resist the known plaintext attack. The symmetric key and the retrieved phase are imported into the input plane and Fourier plane of 4f system during the decryption, respectively, so as to obtain the plaintext on the CCD. Finally, we analyse the key space of the password key, and the results show that the proposed scheme can resist a brute force attack due to the flexibility of the password key.
We report a simultaneous image compression and encryption scheme based on solving a typical optical inverse problem. The secret images to be processed are multiplexed as the input intensities of a cascaded diffractive optical system. At the output plane, a compressed complex-valued data with a lot fewer measurements can be obtained by utilizing error-reduction phase retrieval algorithm. The magnitude of the output image can serve as the final ciphertext while its phase serves as the decryption key. Therefore the compression and encryption are simultaneously completed without additional encoding and filtering operations. The proposed strategy can be straightforwardly applied to the existing optical security systems that involve diffraction and interference. Numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the validity and security of the proposal.
We propose an approach to enhance the security of optical encryption based on double-random phase encryption in a 4f system. The phase key in the input plane of the 4f system is generated by the Yang–Gu algorithm to control the phase of the encrypted information in the output plane of the 4f system, until the phase in the output plane converges to a predesigned distribution. Only the amplitude of the encrypted information must be recorded as a ciphertext. The information, which needs to be transmitted, is greatly reduced. We can decrypt the ciphertext with the aid of the predesigned phase distribution and the phase key in the Fourier plane. Our approach can resist various attacks.
Abstract For the purpose of alleviating the vulnerability of double random phase encryption system in the linear canonical transform domain, a novel approach for optical security and cryptographic systems is presented. This proposed system uses a fully phase encoding technique to augment the security of encryption system in the linear canonical transform. The first step in this system involves phase encoding of the initial amplitude image to be ciphered and then modulated by the phase masks. The decryption process of image is the reversal operation of the encryption method. The effectiveness and sensitivity of our proposed cryptosystem for the encryption secret keys are verified. The resistance of our method against occlusion attacks is investigated. Moreover, the results demonstrate that the fully phase-based optical cryptosystem is more secure and robust than the amplitude-based scheme in a linear canonical domain.
In this paper, we proposed an optical security system based on a gray-image exclusive-OR encryption using multi-phase separation and phase-wrapping method. For encryption, a gray image is sliced into binary images, which have the same pixel value, and these images are encrypted by modified XOR rules with binary random images. The XORed images and the binary images respectively combined and converted into full phase images, called an encrypted image and a key image. For decryption, when the encrypted image and key image are used as inputs on optical elements, Practically due to limited controllability of phase range in optical elements, the original gray image cannot be efficiently reconstructed by these optical elements. Therefore, by decreasing the phase ranges of the encrypted image and key image using a phase-wrapping method and separating these images into low-level phase images using multi-phase separation, the gray image can be reconstructed by optical elements which have limited control range. The decrytion process is simply implemented by interfering a multiplication result of encrypted image and key image with reference light. The validity of proposed scheme is verified and the effects, which are caused by phase limitation in decryption process, is analyzed by using computer simulations.
Aiming at the current eavesdropping security issues in the physical layer of optical networks, a new hybrid optical encryption scheme based on Highly Nonlinear Fiber (HNLF) and Super Structured Fiber Bragg Grating (SSFBG) is proposed in this paper. In the scheme, degenerate Four Wave Mixing (FWM) is used to encrypt and decrypt user information, and optical coding technology is used to encode and decode the key information. Therefore, the encoding and secret transmission of the key signal can be realized simultaneously. The security of the system is measured by comparing the waveform of the encrypted signal transmitted in the channel with the waveform of the original transmitted signal, and the effectiveness of the system is measured by the bit error rate at the system receiver side. The simulation results show that the frequency and phase of the user data information are disturbed, and the optical power of the encoded key signal is as low as -34.4 dBm. Therefore, the eavesdropping channel cannot obtain effective data information nor detect the key signal, which demonstrates the safe transmission of Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) signal.