Using de Broglie waves of elementary particles it is shown how is formed in the Universe. The definitions of the concepts time and space are given. Time is a simple duration of the process of oscillation of microparticles, which is fixed at a certain point in space. Therefore, is a scalar and there is no arrow of time. It is also shown how de Broglie waves transfer information between microparticles at a speed exceeding the speed of light in a vacuum.
Using de Broglie waves of elementary particles it is shown how is formed in the Universe. The definitions of the concepts time and space are given. Time is a simple duration of the process of oscillation of microparticles, which is fixed at a certain point in space. Therefore, is a scalar and there is no arrow of time. It is also shown how de Broglie waves transfer information between microparticles at a speed exceeding the speed of light in a vacuum.
Abstract Properties of de Broglie waves and their differences from any other waves, for example, electromagnetic, are discussed. Their little-known properties are given: 1) the propagation velocity is greater than the speed of light V > c ; 2) dispersion even in vacuum (waves of different frequencies propagate at different speeds, which results in the spreading of any wave packets associated with the particles); 3) the connection of the de Broglie wave with another physical wave moving with a speed v less than the speed of light, but so always v · V = c 2, and for the photons v = V = c. According to later views of de Broglie, this second wave is not the group wave. Possible mechanisms of generating the de Broglie waves based on spherical and cylindrical hollow quantum resonators, which can be specially created in matter using specific nanostructures are considered. Perhaps their nature itself realizes them for any micro-objects, regardless of their electrical, magnetic and gravitational properties. That is, this phenomenon is universal. Applications and realizations of this idea are discussed in the part II of our article.
The de Broglie wave phenomenon was studied in the framework of Lagrangean formulation of Relativistic Mechanics. The conclusion was made that the de Broglie wave of a particle is a relativistic phenomenon related to the field-dependent proper mass. The wave develops in a process of proper-to-kinetic mass transformation when the particle is given a momentum. The time-part of the 4-wave vector is related to the proper mass oscillation while the spacial part is due to the momentum; both parts can be treated in terms of virtual (longitudinal and scalar) photons characterizing excitation states of a mediating scalar field. It is shown that in Relativistic Mechanics with the variable proper mass both electromagnetic and gravitational force can be treated on the same footing: both are due to the same source that is, the proper mass. Consequently, the scalar mediating field provides a mechanism of unification of gravitational and electromagnetic forces. The concept of the unified divergence-free field is suggested, in which the real (transverse) photon represents a pure space-like particle while the neutrino is a pure time-like particle. In this connection, the parity problem is discussed.
In this article, it is shown that if a particle is at rest and has some harmonic oscillation, then a traveling particle with a constant speed corresponds to a De Broglie Wave.In 1924, De Broglie proposed that particles of matter exhibit wave like behavior, the expression for which became fundamental in the creation of wave mechanics (quantum mechanics).The main equation for this is the Schrödinger equation, which in the case of free motion of a particle becomes the expression for the De Broglie wave.This hypothesis is supported by many early experiments on the diffraction of electrons, and later the development of modern physics.However until now, the origin of this hypothesis remains unclear.We show that the expression for the De Broglie wavelength can be obtained from a more general well-known concept, that any particle at rest has a corresponding harmonic oscillation that transforms into a wave of a moving particle with the help of relativistic change of coordinates (the Lorentz transformations).In this way, a De Broglie wave can be explained as a spacetime wave.
Sometimes matter behaves like a wave. In 1923 de Broglie saw that every moving particle carries a wave, in step with a clock riding with it. Physicists then described it in steps, each with its own mathematics: complex waves, matrices, sums over paths, and negative squared lengths. In our opinion, one mathematics is enough: the Euclidean arrow numbers, with no negative lengths; Minkowski's form survives only as the scalar part of a square. Arrow of Time gave measured time a Euclidean length; the arrow of matter, an octonion of a body's time and the time content of its energy, appears to describe a single body completely. The Euler wave, a rotating arrow, gives de Broglie's wave. With Shannon's source, carrier and detector, every physical law becomes a three-body problem: three-body relativity. Multiplying a potential by the arrow gradient, on either side, gives the left and right fields. A second gradient makes Maxwell's equations one arrow equation. On the Euler wave, the Maxwell operator gives the arrow Klein–Gordon equation and, at low speed, Schrödinger's. Without matrices, Euler waves give two arrow Dirac equations, with spin one half, g = 2, and Pauli's equation. The waves carry a conserved, positive density of matter; their turn along a path is the action, and on a closed path they are quantised, with Planck's constant and no quantum postulate. Our central proposal is that one electron is one wave: its squared length is that electron's density of matter, not a probability, and probabilities are this density averaged over a turn with an unknown time. Schrödinger's cat needs no wave of its own: it is alive or dead, decided by one counter click. Two slits follow, in space and time, matching a time-slit experiment; a solenoid between them shifts the fringes with no force, as Aharonov–Bohm measurements show.
The fundamental question in this manuscript is: “Is it possible to build matter out of Light (confined electromagnetic waves)?” To answer this question we first have to answer the question how we have come to this world of Probability Waves and Elementary Particles and Quantum Physics. Louis de Broglie described in 1924 in his PhD thesis the wave properties of matter. Erwin Schrödinger published in 1926 the well-known Schrödinger wave equation with the characteristic spherical and elliptical wave solutions. To describe these material waves, the immediately and first explanation was: “There is only one possibility. These are “electromagnetic waves”. De Broglie waves are ” Light Waves”. Because these were the only waves, known in the world of Physics. But there was a fundamental problem. These material waves, discovered by Louis de Broglie and mathematically described by Erwin Schrödinger could never be solutions of the well-known 4 equations of James Clerk Maxwell. The material waves were spherical and elliptical solutions and that was impossible for the solutions of the Maxwell Equations. According to the Maxwell Equations, light always travels along a straight path. A second problem was that the model of the atom of Bohr could not hold. How could an electron be everywhere at the same time in a kind of a spherical shell surrounding the nucleus. And be a particle at the same time. And Bohr found a compromise to declare the “De Broglie” waves to be the probability waves. Two problems were solved. Bohr’s planetary model could hold. And there was a name for the unknown material waves, discovered by Louis de Broglie and mathematically described by Erwin Schrödinger. The theory of “Probability Waves, Elementary Particles and Quantum Physics” had been created. To find a possibility, to create matter out of light we have to go back to the Equations of James Clerk Maxwell. The only possibility to declare the probability waves, discovered by Louis de Broglie, to be electromagnetic waves, to be light, and to be the building element of our universe, is to find evidence that he Maxwell Equations are not complete and that it is possible to confine light (electromagnetic waves) in spherical and elliptical shapes. A new equation has to be found. In this article it has been claimed that this missing equation is equation (5). Because the Theory of General Relativity has been built on the Einstein-Maxwell Equation, a new equation has to be found that describes in a generalized way the interaction between light and matter. This missing equation is equation (5-a).