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Topology and perturbation theory

Manjavidze, J

Published Jan 1, 2000• 7 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Paper contains description of the fields nonlinear modes successive quantization scheme. It is shown that the path integrals for absorption part of amplitudes are defined on the Dirac ($\\d$-like) functional measure. This permits arbitrary transformation of the functional integral variables. New form of the perturbation theory achieved by mapping the quantum dynamics in the space $W_G$ of the ({\\it action, angle})-type collective variables. It is shown that the transformed perturbation theory contributions are accumulated exactly on the boundary $\\pa W_G$. Abilities of the developed formalism are illustrated by the Coulomb problem. This model is solved in the $W_C$=({\\it angle, angular momentum, Runge-Lentz vector}) space and the reason of its exact integrability is `emptiness' of $\\pa W_C$.

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Paper contains description of the fields nonlinear modes successive quantization scheme. It is shown that the path integrals for absorption part of amplitudes are defined on the Dirac (d\\dd-like) functional measure. This permits arbitrary transformation of the functional integral variables. New form of the perturbation theory achieved by mapping the quantum dynamics in the space WGW_GWG​ of the ({\it action, angle})-type collective variables. It is shown that the transformed perturbation theory contributions are accumulated exactly on the boundary paWG\\pa W_GpaWG​. Abilities of the developed formalism are illustrated by the Coulomb problem. This model is solved in the WCW_CWC​=({\it angle, angular momentum, Runge-Lentz vector}) space and the reason of its exact integrability is `emptiness' of paWC\\pa W_CpaWC​.
This paper contains description of the fields nonlinear modes successive quantization scheme. It is shown that the path integrals for absorption part of amplitudes are defined on the Dirac (δ-like) functional measure. This permits arbitrary transformation of the functional integral variables. New form of the perturbation theory achieved by mapping the quantum dynamics in the space WG of the (action, angle)-type collective variables. It is shown that the transformed perturbation theory contributions are accumulated exactly on the boundary ∂WG. Abilities of the developed formalism are illustrated by the Coulomb problem. This model is solved in the WC=(angle, angular momentum, Runge–Lentz vector) space and the reason of its exact integrability is emptiness of ∂WC.
Quantum field theories are quantum mechanical systems with an infinite number of degrees of freedom. We start this book with a review of quantum mechanics in a form that is particularly suited for the field theory generalization. This form utilizes the Heisenberg picture and the functional integral representation of probability amplitudes — the transformation functions of Dirac. Some time will be spent developing and discussing the functional or path integral representation of quantum mechanics since this will enable us to learn a new formalism in a simple and familiar physical context — we won't have to learn too many new things all at once. The functional formulation will be illustrated by applying it at some length to the harmonic oscillator which is not only the simplest (and exactly soluble) non-trivial quantum system but which is also the dynamics of a single mode of a free field theory. The purpose of this review of quantum mechanics is to introduce in the simplest form much of the notation and methods used later in the book. Throughout this chapter we will explicitly work only with systems that have a single degree of freedom (one coordinate variable). The extension to systems with several degrees of freedom is straightforward.
Introduction Preliminary remarks The path integral formalism is one of the most important tools in modern theoretical physics. Integration in functional spaces was considered for the first time by Norbert Wiener in his studies of diffusion processes [60, 61]. The corresponding integration measure is now known as the Wiener measure, i.e. the so-called Gaussian path integrals were studied. In quantum mechanics, functional integrals were introduced by R. Feynmann [62, 63] who was inspired by important observations due to P. A. M. Dirac concerning a relation between wave function and classical action [64, 65]. In modern physics the path integral formalism is applied not only to developing a quantum description for systems with infinitely many degrees of freedom as, for example, in quantum field theories or condensed matter physics, but also to ordinary quantum mechanical problems. Moreover there is a tendency to reformulate standard quantum mechanical problems (such as a particle in a “box” or potential well [66, 67], or a particle in the Coulomb field [68]) within the framework of the path integral method. The reason for doing this is rather obvious: physicists develop a new mathematical tool, a new language and, in order to comprehend all of its subtleties, it is necessary to investigate as many concrete examples as possible. Use of the path integral formalism is widespread in quantum field theory because it is the most adequate mathematical tool for a wide range of problems which allows, not only for elegant formulation of problems, but also for a great deal of simplification of their theoretical analysis.
To introduce the formalism of the functional integral in quantum mechanics, this chapter starts from the definition of the temporal evolution operator. It is important to emphasize that in the classical limit is not only the classic trajectory that have the grater contribution, but all the paths close to this also contribute. The chapter shows how integral formulation is perfectly consistent with Schrödinger's time-dependent differential equation. It retrieves this equation from definition of transition amplitude as a path integral. The chapter discusses functional derivative generalized to the case of the ordinary functional derivative. A very useful tool to solve problems related to functional integrals is the Wick rotation or Euclidean rotation. In quantum mechanics there are few problems we can solve exactly, and very often, when possible, we use perturbation theory to find an approximate solution. The chapter follows this approach with formalism of functional integration and construct a perturbation theory from which can be obtained a physical interpretation.
This book is a self-contained and concise introduction to the techniques and applications of path integral quantization and functional techniques, aimed at students and practitioners. The first half of the text focuses on quantum mechanics, including a review of the action formulation of classical mechanics and quantum mechanics in the Dirac operator and state formalism, and further examination of the path integral. The second part examines relativistic field theories, reviewing special relativity, as well as derivation of the path integral representation of the vacuum transition element for quantized scalar, spinor, and vector fields from the coherent state representation of the respective field theories
The path integral approach to quantum mechanics provides a method of quantization of dynamical systems directly from the Lagrange formalism. In field theory the method presents some advantages over Hamiltonian quantization. The Lagrange formalism preserves relativistic covariance which makes the Feynman method very convenient to achieve the renormalization of field theories both in perturbative and non-perturbative approaches. However, when the systems are confined in bounded domains we shall show that the path integral approach does not describe the most general type of boundary conditions. Highly non-local boundary conditions cannot be described by Feynman's approach. We analyse in this note the origin of this problem in quantum mechanics and its implications for field theory.