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Dispersive estimates for harmonic oscillator systems

Vita Borovyk, Robert Sims

Published Jan 1, 2012• 5 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We consider a large class of harmonic systems, each defined as a quasi-free dynamics on the Weyl algebra over $\ell^2(\mathbb{Z}^d)$. In contrast to recently obtained, short-time locality estimates, known as Lieb-Robinson bounds, we prove a number of long-time dispersive estimates for these models.

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We consider a large class of harmonic systems, each defined as a quasi-free dynamics on the Weyl algebra over ℓ2(Zd)\ell^2(\mathbb{Z}^d)ℓ2(Zd). In contrast to recently obtained, short-time locality estimates, known as Lieb-Robinson bounds, we prove a number of long-time dispersive estimates for these models.
The Lieb-Robinson theorem states that locality is approximately preserved in the dynamics of quantum lattice systems. Whenever one has finite-dimensional constituents, observables evolving in time under a local Hamiltonian will essentially grow linearly in their support, up to exponentially suppressed corrections. In this work, we formulate Lieb-Robinson bounds for general harmonic systems on general lattices, for which the constituents are infinite-dimensional, as systems representing discrete versions of free fields or the harmonic approximation to the Bose-Hubbard model. We consider both local interactions as well as infinite-ranged interactions, showing how corrections to locality are inherited from the locality of the Hamiltonian: Local interactions result in stronger than exponentially suppressed corrections, while non-local algebraic interactions result in algebraic suppression. We derive bounds for canonical operators, Weyl operators and outline generalization to arbitrary operators. As an example, we discuss the Klein-Gordon field, and see how the approximate locality in the lattice model becomes the exact causality in the field limit. We discuss the applicability of these results to quenched lattice systems far from equilibrium, and the dynamics of quantum phase transitions.
The aim of this paper is two-fold. First, we prove the existence of Lieb-Robinson bounds for classical particle systems describing harmonic oscillators interacting with arbitrarily many neighbors, both on lattices and on more general structures. Second, we prove the existence of a global dynamical system on the commutative resolvent algebra, a C*-algebra of bounded continuous functions on an infinite dimensional vector space, which serves as the classical analog of the Buchholz--Grundling resolvent algebra.
Lieb-Robinson bounds show that the speed of propagation of information under the Heisenberg dynamics in a wide class of nonrelativistic quantum lattice systems is essentially bounded. We review works of the past dozen years that has turned this fundamental result into a powerful tool for analyzing quantum lattice systems. We introduce a unified framework for a wide range of applications by studying quasilocality properties of general classes of maps defined on the algebra of local observables of quantum lattice systems. We also consider a number of generalizations that include systems with an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space at each lattice site and Hamiltonians that may involve unbounded on-site contributions. These generalizations require replacing the operator norm topology with the strong operator topology in a number of basic results for the dynamics of quantum lattice systems. The main results in this paper form the basis for a detailed proof of the stability of gapped ground state phases of frustrationfree models satisfying a local topological quantum order condition, which we present in a sequel to this paper.