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Quantum dynamics with mean field interactions: a new approach

László Erdős, Benjamin Schlein

Published Jan 1, 2008• 32 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We propose a new approach for the study of the time evolution of a factorized N-particle bosonic wave function with respect to a mean-field dynamics with a bounded interaction potential. The new technique, which is based on the control of the growth of the correlations among the particles, leads to quantitative bounds on the difference between the many-particle Schrödinger dynamics and the one-particle nonlinear Hartree dynamics. In particular the one-particle density matrix associated with the solution to the N-particle Schrödinger equation is shown to converge to the projection onto the one-dimensional subspace spanned by the solution to the Hartree equation with a speed of convergence of order 1/N for all fixed times.

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3 Mean-field Evolution of Fermionic Systems

Niels Benedikter, Marcello Porta, Benjamin Schlein

The mean field limit for systems of many fermions is naturally coupled with a semiclassical limit. This makes the analysis of the mean field regime much more involved, compared with bosonic systems. In this paper, we study the dynamics of initial data close to a Slater determinant, whose reduced one-particle density is an orthogonal projection ωN with the appropriate semiclassical structure. Assuming some regularity of the interaction potential, we show that the evolution of such an initial data remains close to a Slater determinant, with reduced one-particle density given by the solution of the Hartree-Fock equation with initial data ωN. Our result holds for all (semiclassical) times, and gives effective bounds on the rate of the convergence towards the Hartree-Fock dynamics. 1

•Jan 1, 2013•49 citations
We propose a new approach for the study of the time evolution of a factorized N-particle bosonic wave function with respect to a mean-field dynamics with a bounded interaction potential. The new technique, which is based on the control of the growth of the correlations among the particles, leads to quantitative bounds on the difference between the many-particle Schrödinger dynamics and the one-particle nonlinear Hartree dynamics. In particular the one-particle density matrix associated with the solution to the N-particle Schrödinger equation is shown to converge to the projection onto the one-dimensional subspace spanned by the solution to the Hartree equation with a speed of convergence of order 1/N for all fixed times.
We consider the dynamics of N interacting Bosons in three dimensions which are strongly confined in one or two directions. We analyze the mean field scaling and the nonlinear Schrödinger scaling of the interaction potential w and choose the initial wavefunction to be close to a product wavefunction. For both scalings we prove that in the mean field limit the dynamics of the N-particle system is described by a nonlinear equation in two or one dimensions. In the case of the mean field scaling this equation is the Hartree equation and for the second scaling the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. In both cases we obtain explicit bounds for the rate of convergence of the N-particle dynamics to the one-particle dynamics.
We provide an error bound for approximating the time evolution of N bosons by a generalized nonlinear Hartree equation. The bosons are assumed to interact via permutation symmetric bounded many-particle potentials and the initial wave-function is a product state. We show that the error between the actual evolution of a single particle derived from tracing out the full N-particle Schrodinger equation and the solution to the mean field approximate generalized nonlinear Hartree equation scales as 1/N for all times. Our result is a generalization of rigorous error bounds previously given for the case of bounded 2-particle potentials
The mean field limit for systems of many fermions is naturally coupled with a semiclassical limit. This makes the analysis of the mean field regime much more involved, compared with bosonic systems. In this paper, we study the dynamics of initial data close to a Slater determinant, whose reduced one-particle density is an orthogonal projection ωN with the appropriate semiclassical structure. Assuming some regularity of the interaction potential, we show that the evolution of such an initial data remains close to a Slater determinant, with reduced one-particle density given by the solution of the Hartree-Fock equation with initial data ωN. Our result holds for all (semiclassical) times, and gives effective bounds on the rate of the convergence towards the Hartree-Fock dynamics. 1