Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

The Dynamics and Prethermalization of One Dimensional Quantum Systems Probed Through the Full Distributions of Quantum Noise

Adilet Imambekov, Jörg Schmiedmayer, Takuya Kitagawa, Eugene Demler

Published Jan 1, 2011• 76 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Quantum noise correlations have been employed in several areas in physics including condensed matter, quantum optics and ultracold atom to reveal non-classical states of the systems. So far, such analysis mostly focused on systems in equilibrium. In this paper, we show that quantum noise is also a useful tool to characterize and study the non-equilibrium dynamics of one dimensional system. We consider the Ramsey sequence of one dimensional, two-component bosons, and obtain simple, analytical expressions of time evolutions of the full distribution functions for this strongly-correlated, many-body system. The analysis can also be directly applied to the evolution of interference patterns between two one dimensional quasi-condensates created from a single condensate through splitting. Using the tools developed in this paper, we demonstrate that one dimensional dynamics in these systems exhibits the phenomenon known as "prethermalization", where the observables of non-equilibrium, long-time transient states become indistinguishable from those of thermal equilibrium states.

Related papers

The dynamics and prethermalization of one-dimensional quantum systems probed through the full distributions of quantum noise

Takuya Kitagawa, Adilet Imambekov, Jörg Schmiedmayer +1 more

Quantum noise correlations have been employed in several areas of physics, including condensed matter, quantum optics and ultracold atoms, to reveal the non-classical states of the systems. To date, such analyses have mostly focused on systems in equilibrium. In this paper, we show that quantum noise is also a useful tool for characterizing and studying the non-equilibrium dynamics of a one-dimensional (1D) system. We consider the Ramsey sequence of 1D, two-component bosons, and obtain simple, analytical expressions for time evolutions of the full distribution functions for this strongly correlated, many-body system. The analysis can also be directly applied to the evolution of interference patterns between two 1D quasi-coindensates created from a single condensate through splitting. Using the tools developed in this paper, we demonstrate that 1D dynamics in these systems exhibits the phenomenon known as 'prethermalization', where the observables of non-equilibrium , long-time transient states become indistinguishable from those of thermal equilibrium states.

arXiv:1104.5631•New Journal of Physics•Jul 12, 2011•140 citations

Prethermalization Revealed by the Relaxation Dynamics of Full Distribution Functions

David A. Smith, Michael Gring, Tim Langen +7 more

Abstract. We detail the experimental observation of the non-equilibrium many-body phenomenon prethermalization. We study the dynamics of a rapidly and coherently split one-dimensional Bose gas. An analysis based on the use of full quantum mechanical probability distributions of matter wave interference contrast reveals that the system evolves towards a quasi-steady state. This state, which can be characterized by an effective temperature, is not the final thermal equilibrium state. We compare the evolution of the system to an integrable Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid model, and show that the system dephases to a prethermalized state rather than undergoing thermalization towards a final thermal equilibrium state.

•Jan 1, 2013•82 citations

Prethermalization revealed by the relaxation dynamics of full distribution functions

D Adu Smith, M Gring, T Langen +7 more

We detail the experimental observation of the non-equilibrium many-body phenomenon prethermalization.We study the dynamics of a rapidly and coherently split one-dimensional Bose gas.An analysis based on the use of full quantum mechanical probability distributions of matter wave interference contrast reveals that the system evolves toward a quasi-steady state.This state, which can be characterized by an effective temperature, is not the final thermal equilibrium state.We compare the evolution of the system to an integrable Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid model, and show that the system dephases to a prethermalized state rather than undergoing thermalization toward a final thermal equilibrium state.

arXiv:1212.4645•New Journal of Physics•Jul 16, 2013•74 citations

Studying non-equilibrium many-body dynamics using one-dimensional Bose gases

Tim Langen, Michael Gring, Maximilian Kuhnert +7 more

Non-equilibrium dynamics of isolated quantum many-body systems play an important role in many areas of physics. However, a general answer to the question of how these systems relax is still lacking. We experimentally study the dynamics of ultracold one-dimensional (1D) Bose gases. This reveals the existence of a quasi-steady prethermalized state which differs significantly from the thermal equilibrium of the system. Our results demonstrate that the dynamics of non-equilibrium quantum many-body systems is a far richer process than has been assumed in the past.

AIP conference proceedings•Jan 1, 2014•6 citations

Universal Prethermalization in Interacting Bose-Fermi Degenerate Systems

Revista, Zen, PHYSICS, 10

This paper explores the phenomenon of universal prethermalization in out-of-equilibrium interacting Bose-Fermi degenerate systems. Prethermalization, a transient non-equilibrium state characterized by a quasi-stationary distribution that is thermal with respect to a restricted set of effective conserved quantities, has emerged as a fundamental concept in the understanding of isolated quantum many-body systems far from equilibrium. We specifically focus on the unique interplay between bosonic and fermionic degrees of freedom, which introduces novel pathways for relaxation and distinct characteristics of prethermal plateaus. The universality of prethermal dynamics, implying independence from microscopic details and initial conditions within certain regimes, is investigated in the context of interspecies interactions, density imbalances, and dimensionality. We review the theoretical frameworks, including mean-field descriptions, effective Hamiltonians, and kinetic equations, alongside experimental observations in ultracold atomic gases that provide a fertile ground for studying such non-equilibrium phenomena. The emergence of universal scaling laws and the role of conservation laws in defining the prethermal state are discussed, paving the way for a deeper understanding of thermalization processes and the persistence of non-equilibrium states in complex quantum matter.

•Nov 28, 2025•0 citations

Simulating Prethermalization Using Near-Term Quantum Computers

Yilun Yang, Arthur Christianen, Sandra Coll-Vinent +5 more

Quantum simulation is one of the most promising scientific applications of quantum computers.Due to decoherence and noise in current devices, it is however challenging to perform digital quantum simulation in a regime that is intractable with classical computers.In this work, we propose an experimental protocol for probing dynamics and equilibrium properties on near-term digital quantum computers.As a key ingredient of our work, we show that it is possible to study thermalization even with a relatively coarse Trotter decomposition of the Hamiltonian evolution of interest.Even though the step size is too large to permit a rigorous bound on the Trotter error, we observe that the system prethermalizes in accordance with previous results for Floquet systems.The dynamics closely resemble the thermalization of the model underlying the Trotterization up to long times.We make our approach resilient to noise by developing an error mitigation scheme based on measurement and rescaling of survival probabilities, which is applicable to time-evolution problems in general.We demonstrate the effectiveness of the entire protocol by applying it to the two-dimensional XY model and we numerically verify its performance with realistic noise parameters for superconducting quantum devices.Our proposal thus provides a route to achieving quantum advantage for relevant problems in condensed-matter physics.

arXiv:2303.08461•PRX Quantum•Aug 11, 2023•19 citations
Quantum noise correlations have been employed in several areas in physics including condensed matter, quantum optics and ultracold atom to reveal non-classical states of the systems. So far, such analysis mostly focused on systems in equilibrium. In this paper, we show that quantum noise is also a useful tool to characterize and study the non-equilibrium dynamics of one dimensional system. We consider the Ramsey sequence of one dimensional, two-component bosons, and obtain simple, analytical expressions of time evolutions of the full distribution functions for this strongly-correlated, many-body system. The analysis can also be directly applied to the evolution of interference patterns between two one dimensional quasi-condensates created from a single condensate through splitting. Using the tools developed in this paper, we demonstrate that one dimensional dynamics in these systems exhibits the phenomenon known as "prethermalization", where the observables of non-equilibrium, long-time transient states become indistinguishable from those of thermal equilibrium states.
Quantum noise correlations have been employed in several areas of physics, including condensed matter, quantum optics and ultracold atoms, to reveal the non-classical states of the systems. To date, such analyses have mostly focused on systems in equilibrium. In this paper, we show that quantum noise is also a useful tool for characterizing and studying the non-equilibrium dynamics of a one-dimensional (1D) system. We consider the Ramsey sequence of 1D, two-component bosons, and obtain simple, analytical expressions for time evolutions of the full distribution functions for this strongly correlated, many-body system. The analysis can also be directly applied to the evolution of interference patterns between two 1D quasi-coindensates created from a single condensate through splitting. Using the tools developed in this paper, we demonstrate that 1D dynamics in these systems exhibits the phenomenon known as 'prethermalization', where the observables of non-equilibrium , long-time transient states become indistinguishable from those of thermal equilibrium states.
Abstract. We detail the experimental observation of the non-equilibrium many-body phenomenon prethermalization. We study the dynamics of a rapidly and coherently split one-dimensional Bose gas. An analysis based on the use of full quantum mechanical probability distributions of matter wave interference contrast reveals that the system evolves towards a quasi-steady state. This state, which can be characterized by an effective temperature, is not the final thermal equilibrium state. We compare the evolution of the system to an integrable Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid model, and show that the system dephases to a prethermalized state rather than undergoing thermalization towards a final thermal equilibrium state.
We detail the experimental observation of the non-equilibrium many-body phenomenon prethermalization.We study the dynamics of a rapidly and coherently split one-dimensional Bose gas.An analysis based on the use of full quantum mechanical probability distributions of matter wave interference contrast reveals that the system evolves toward a quasi-steady state.This state, which can be characterized by an effective temperature, is not the final thermal equilibrium state.We compare the evolution of the system to an integrable Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid model, and show that the system dephases to a prethermalized state rather than undergoing thermalization toward a final thermal equilibrium state.
Non-equilibrium dynamics of isolated quantum many-body systems play an important role in many areas of physics. However, a general answer to the question of how these systems relax is still lacking. We experimentally study the dynamics of ultracold one-dimensional (1D) Bose gases. This reveals the existence of a quasi-steady prethermalized state which differs significantly from the thermal equilibrium of the system. Our results demonstrate that the dynamics of non-equilibrium quantum many-body systems is a far richer process than has been assumed in the past.
This paper explores the phenomenon of universal prethermalization in out-of-equilibrium interacting Bose-Fermi degenerate systems. Prethermalization, a transient non-equilibrium state characterized by a quasi-stationary distribution that is thermal with respect to a restricted set of effective conserved quantities, has emerged as a fundamental concept in the understanding of isolated quantum many-body systems far from equilibrium. We specifically focus on the unique interplay between bosonic and fermionic degrees of freedom, which introduces novel pathways for relaxation and distinct characteristics of prethermal plateaus. The universality of prethermal dynamics, implying independence from microscopic details and initial conditions within certain regimes, is investigated in the context of interspecies interactions, density imbalances, and dimensionality. We review the theoretical frameworks, including mean-field descriptions, effective Hamiltonians, and kinetic equations, alongside experimental observations in ultracold atomic gases that provide a fertile ground for studying such non-equilibrium phenomena. The emergence of universal scaling laws and the role of conservation laws in defining the prethermal state are discussed, paving the way for a deeper understanding of thermalization processes and the persistence of non-equilibrium states in complex quantum matter.
Quantum simulation is one of the most promising scientific applications of quantum computers.Due to decoherence and noise in current devices, it is however challenging to perform digital quantum simulation in a regime that is intractable with classical computers.In this work, we propose an experimental protocol for probing dynamics and equilibrium properties on near-term digital quantum computers.As a key ingredient of our work, we show that it is possible to study thermalization even with a relatively coarse Trotter decomposition of the Hamiltonian evolution of interest.Even though the step size is too large to permit a rigorous bound on the Trotter error, we observe that the system prethermalizes in accordance with previous results for Floquet systems.The dynamics closely resemble the thermalization of the model underlying the Trotterization up to long times.We make our approach resilient to noise by developing an error mitigation scheme based on measurement and rescaling of survival probabilities, which is applicable to time-evolution problems in general.We demonstrate the effectiveness of the entire protocol by applying it to the two-dimensional XY model and we numerically verify its performance with realistic noise parameters for superconducting quantum devices.Our proposal thus provides a route to achieving quantum advantage for relevant problems in condensed-matter physics.