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NONLOCAL AND LOCAL GHOST FIELDS IN QUANTUM CORRELATIONS

Krzysztof Wódkiewicz

Published Feb 17, 1995• 5 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Einstein Podolsky Rosen quantum correlations are discussed from the perspective of a ghost field introduced by Einstein. The concepts of ghost field, hidden variables, local reality and the Bell inequality are reviewed. In the framework of the correlated singlet state, it is shown that quantum mechanics can be cast in a way that has the form of either nonpositive and local ghost field or a positive and nonlocal ghost field.

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Non-local and local ghost fields in quantum correlations

Krzysztof Wódkiewicz

Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen quantum correlations are discussed from the perspective of a ghost field introduced by Einstein. The concepts of ghost field, hidden variables, local reality and the Bell inequality are reviewed. In the framework of the correlated singlet state of two spin-½ particles, it is shown that quantum mechanics can be cast in a way that has the form of either a non-positive and local ghost field or a positive and non-local ghost field.

arXiv:quant-ph/9502017•Contemporary Physics•May 1, 1995•4 citations

QUANTUM ENTANGLEMENT: EXPLORING NONLOCAL CORRELATIONS

Ram Sharan Dr. Anil Tiwari

Quantum entanglement, a quintessential feature of quantum mechanics, has profound implications on our understanding of the fundamental nature of reality. This phenomenon, in which quantum particles exhibit correlations that defy classical intuition, has captivated physicists and philosophers alike. The existence of nonlocal correlations, a hallmark of entanglement, challenges the principles of local realism and calls into question our notions of causality and locality. This paper explores the theoretical foundations, experimental evidence, and interpretations surrounding quantum entanglement and nonlocal correlations. It delves into the historical context, highlighting the pioneering work of physicists such as Einstein, Podolsky, Rosen, and Bell, whose contributions paved the way for our current understanding of this enigmatic concept. The paper also examines the potential applications of entanglement in fields such as quantum computing, cryptography, and communication, underscoring its technological significance. Furthermore, it discusses the philosophical implications of nonlocal correlations, shedding light on the ongoing debates surrounding the interpretation of quantum mechanics and the nature of reality itself. Keywords: Quantum entanglement, Nonlocal correlations, Local realism, Causality, Locality, Quantum mechanics, Experimental evidence, Theoretical foundations, Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox, Bell's theorem, Quantum computing.

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Bell's inequality and 'ghost-like action-at-a-distance' in quantum mechanics

R. D. Mattuck

The phenomenon of nonlocality in quantum mechanics is one of its most fundamental features and is most strikingly exemplified in the discussion of the Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen (EPR) type of experiment. The generality of Bell's inequality and the results of experiments done up to now show that local hidden-variable theories are ruled out as a means to resolve the famous EPR paradox. What remains for further consideration are the nonlocal and the Einstein-separable hidden-variable models. Finally, an alternative and possibly successful approach in trying to 'explain' nonlocality might involve ideas of backward causation.

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Jan Schütz

Considering the Gedankenexperiment of Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen as example the nonlocal character of quantum mechanics is discussed. The attempt to complement quantum mechanics by a supplementary, local causal theory of ’hidden-variables’ and the fundamental incompatibility of both theories due to Bell’s inequalities is shown. Some experiments clearly favouring quantum mechanics are outlined.

•Jan 1, 2005•0 citations

Nonlocality of the original Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen state

Oliver Cohen

We examine the properties and behavior of the original Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) wave function [Phys. Rev. 47, 777 (1935)] and related Gaussian-correlated wave functions. We assess the degree of entanglement of these wave functions and consider an argument of Bell [Ann. (N.Y.) Acad. Sci. 480, 263 (1986)] based on the Wigner phase-space distribution [Phys. Rev. 40, 749 (1932)], which implies that the original EPR correlations can accommodate a local hidden-variable description. We extend Bell's analysis to the related Gaussian wave functions. We then show that it is possible to identify definite nonlocal aspects for the original EPR state and related states. We describe possible experiments that would demonstrate these nonlocal features through violations of Bell inequalities. The implications of our results, and in particular their relevance for the causal interpretation of quantum mechanics, are considered.

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Quantum Nonlocality: Myth and Reality

Robert B. Griffiths

It is shown that when properly analyzed using principles consistent with the use of a Hilbert space to describe microscopic properties, quantum mechanics is a local theory: one system cannot influence another system with which it does not interact. Claims to the contrary based on quantum violations of Bell inequalities are shown to be incorrect. A specific example traces a violation of the CHSH Bell inequality in the case of a spin-3/2 particle to the noncommutation of certain quantum operators in a situation where (non)locality is not an issue. A consistent histories analysis of what quantum measurements measure, in terms of quantum properties, is used to identify the basic problem with derivations of Bell inequalities: the use of classical concepts (hidden variables) rather than a probabilistic structure appropriate to the quantum domain. A difficulty with the original Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) argument for the incompleteness of quantum mechanics is the use of a counterfactual argument which is not valid if one assumes that Hilbert-space quantum mechanics is complete; locality is not an issue. The quantum correlations that violate Bell inequalities can be understood using local quantum common causes. Wavefunction collapse and Schr\odinger steering are calculational procedures, not physical processes. A general Principle of Einstein Locality rules out nonlocal influences between noninteracting quantum systems. Some suggestions are made for changes in terminology that could clarify discussions of quantum foundations and be less confusing to students.

•Jan 21, 2019•11 citations
Einstein Podolsky Rosen quantum correlations are discussed from the perspective of a ghost field introduced by Einstein. The concepts of ghost field, hidden variables, local reality and the Bell inequality are reviewed. In the framework of the correlated singlet state, it is shown that quantum mechanics can be cast in a way that has the form of either nonpositive and local ghost field or a positive and nonlocal ghost field.
Quantum entanglement, a quintessential feature of quantum mechanics, has profound implications on our understanding of the fundamental nature of reality. This phenomenon, in which quantum particles exhibit correlations that defy classical intuition, has captivated physicists and philosophers alike. The existence of nonlocal correlations, a hallmark of entanglement, challenges the principles of local realism and calls into question our notions of causality and locality. This paper explores the theoretical foundations, experimental evidence, and interpretations surrounding quantum entanglement and nonlocal correlations. It delves into the historical context, highlighting the pioneering work of physicists such as Einstein, Podolsky, Rosen, and Bell, whose contributions paved the way for our current understanding of this enigmatic concept. The paper also examines the potential applications of entanglement in fields such as quantum computing, cryptography, and communication, underscoring its technological significance. Furthermore, it discusses the philosophical implications of nonlocal correlations, shedding light on the ongoing debates surrounding the interpretation of quantum mechanics and the nature of reality itself. Keywords: Quantum entanglement, Nonlocal correlations, Local realism, Causality, Locality, Quantum mechanics, Experimental evidence, Theoretical foundations, Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox, Bell's theorem, Quantum computing.
The phenomenon of nonlocality in quantum mechanics is one of its most fundamental features and is most strikingly exemplified in the discussion of the Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen (EPR) type of experiment. The generality of Bell's inequality and the results of experiments done up to now show that local hidden-variable theories are ruled out as a means to resolve the famous EPR paradox. What remains for further consideration are the nonlocal and the Einstein-separable hidden-variable models. Finally, an alternative and possibly successful approach in trying to 'explain' nonlocality might involve ideas of backward causation.
We examine the properties and behavior of the original Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) wave function [Phys. Rev. 47, 777 (1935)] and related Gaussian-correlated wave functions. We assess the degree of entanglement of these wave functions and consider an argument of Bell [Ann. (N.Y.) Acad. Sci. 480, 263 (1986)] based on the Wigner phase-space distribution [Phys. Rev. 40, 749 (1932)], which implies that the original EPR correlations can accommodate a local hidden-variable description. We extend Bell's analysis to the related Gaussian wave functions. We then show that it is possible to identify definite nonlocal aspects for the original EPR state and related states. We describe possible experiments that would demonstrate these nonlocal features through violations of Bell inequalities. The implications of our results, and in particular their relevance for the causal interpretation of quantum mechanics, are considered.
It is shown that when properly analyzed using principles consistent with the use of a Hilbert space to describe microscopic properties, quantum mechanics is a local theory: one system cannot influence another system with which it does not interact. Claims to the contrary based on quantum violations of Bell inequalities are shown to be incorrect. A specific example traces a violation of the CHSH Bell inequality in the case of a spin-3/2 particle to the noncommutation of certain quantum operators in a situation where (non)locality is not an issue. A consistent histories analysis of what quantum measurements measure, in terms of quantum properties, is used to identify the basic problem with derivations of Bell inequalities: the use of classical concepts (hidden variables) rather than a probabilistic structure appropriate to the quantum domain. A difficulty with the original Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) argument for the incompleteness of quantum mechanics is the use of a counterfactual argument which is not valid if one assumes that Hilbert-space quantum mechanics is complete; locality is not an issue. The quantum correlations that violate Bell inequalities can be understood using local quantum common causes. Wavefunction collapse and Schr\odinger steering are calculational procedures, not physical processes. A general Principle of Einstein Locality rules out nonlocal influences between noninteracting quantum systems. Some suggestions are made for changes in terminology that could clarify discussions of quantum foundations and be less confusing to students.