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Bound states for the quantum dipole moment in two dimensions

Paolo Amore, Francisco Marcelo Fernández

Published Nov 16, 2012• 7 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We calculate accurate eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Schrodinger equation for a ¨ two-dimensional quantum dipole. This model proved useful for the study of elastic effects of a single edge dislocation. We show that the Rayleigh–Ritz variational method with a basis set of Slater-type functions is considerably more efficient than the same approach with the basis set of point-spectrum eigenfunctions of the two-dimensional hydrogen atom used in earlier calculations.

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We calculate accurate eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Schrodinger equation for a ¨ two-dimensional quantum dipole. This model proved useful for the study of elastic effects of a single edge dislocation. We show that the Rayleigh–Ritz variational method with a basis set of Slater-type functions is considerably more efficient than the same approach with the basis set of point-spectrum eigenfunctions of the two-dimensional hydrogen atom used in earlier calculations.
Abstract We obtain accurate eigenvalues of the one-dimensional Schrödinger equation with a Hamiltonian of the form H g = H + gδ(x), where δ(x) is the Dirac delta function. We show that the well known Rayleigh–Ritz variational method is a suitable approach provided that the basis set takes into account the effect of the Dirac delta on the wavefunction. Present analysis may be suitable for an introductory course on quantum mechanics to illustrate the application of the Rayleigh–Ritz variational method to a problem where the boundary conditions play a relevant role and have to be introduced carefully into the trial function. Besides, the examples are suitable for motivating the students to resort to any computer-algebra software in order to calculate the required integrals and solve the secular equations.
Abstract In this chapter we consider the time-independent Schrödinger equation for three spatial dimensions. Making use of the orbital angular momentum observables, including the Laplacian in spherical polar coordinates, and introducing an effective potential, we recast the three-dimensional Schrödinger as a one-dimensional differential equation for the reduced radial wave function. In this context we discuss conditions for the existence of bound states and an upper bound on the ground-state energy obtained from the Rayleigh-Ritz variational principle. As an example we then consider the bound-state solutions for the spherical potential well and discuss the conditions for it admitting a ground state. We then turn to the Coulomb potential representing the hydrogen atom and discuss methods for obtaining upper and lower bounds on the ground-state energy to explain the stability of matter. Finally, obtain the Laguerre-polynomial solutions of the radial Schrödinger equation for the hydrogen atom, determine their energies and discuss their properties
In an earlier paper appropriate limiting procedure is discussed in a general way for quantum mechanical energy eigenfunctions (one-dimensional bound states) — a single interpretational postulate leading smoothly to entire compatible classical objective description without facing any contradiction. The method is consistently extended to two- and three-dimensional cases and it is interesting to note that results of earlier study on the classical limit of the radial distribution function of hydrogen atom are easily obtained as special cases of our analysis.
This chapter focuses on widely used approximate method: the numerical integration of the Schrodinger equation, restricting ourselves to one dimension for simplicity. There is a plethora of approaches that yield highly accurate numerical eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. In quantum mechanics one sometimes seeks after bound stationary states that satisfy given physical boundary conditions. Boundary conditions at infinity play a relevant role in quantum mechanics, in which case one looks for bound states that vanish asymptotically at the end points of coordinate interval. Solving the propagation matrix equation exactly for every coordinate pair in the physical interval is as difficult as solving the original differential equation. However, sometimes the former is preferable to develop approximate numerical algorithms for the accurate calculation of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. The perturbation method based on the Taylor expansion only requires derivatives of the potential energy function, which one obtains easily in most cases and appears to be preferable for the systematic improvement of the approximate propagation matrix.
Exactly solvable models play an extremely important role in many fields of quantum physics. In this study, the Schrödinger equation is applied for a solution of a two--dimensional (2D) problem for two particles interacting via Kratzer, and modified Kratzer potentials. We found the exact bound state solutions of the two--dimensional Schrödinger equation with Kratzer--type potentials and present analytical expressions for the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. The eigenfunctions are given in terms of the associated Laguerre polynomials.
Abstract In this chapter, we go to three dimensions in space and look at the solution of the time independent Schrödinger equation for the hydrogen atom. The Hamiltonian is then the kinetic energy plus the potential energy due to the Coulomb coupling between the positively charged nucleus and the electron. We construct the angular momentum operator and find that the partial differential equation for the angular momentum eigenfunctions of the spherical coordinates θ,ϕ is the same as the angular part of the ∇2 operator in spherical coordinates. The angular momentum eigenfunctions are the spherical harmonics, with two quantum numbers, l and m, and the solution to the radial part of the Hamiltonian including the Coulomb potential are Laguerre polynomials with one quantum number, called the principle quantum number, n. The hydrogen wave function is the product of a Laguerre polynomial and a spherical harmonic with three quantum numbers. Since these are two- and three-dimensional functions for angular momentum and hydrogen respectively, they are best understood in a series of plots. The chapter concludes by giving the historical letter names to specific orbitals, since they continue to be used today.