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Multihump soliton-like structures in interactions of lasers and Bose-Einstein condensates

Federica Cattani, Arkady V. Kim, Tobias Hansson, D. Anderson, M. Lisak

Published Jan 1, 2011• 3 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

An investigation is made of multihump and periodic solutions of the semiclassical coupled equations describing laser radiation copropagating with a Bose-Einstein condensate. Solutions reminiscent of optical vector solitons have been found and have been used to gain understanding of the dynamics observed in the numerical simulations, in particular to shed light on the phenomenon of jet emission from a condensate interacting with a laser.

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An investigation is made of multihump and periodic solutions of the semiclassical coupled equations describing laser radiation copropagating with a Bose-Einstein condensate. Solutions reminiscent of optical vector solitons have been found and have been used to gain understanding of the dynamics observed in the numerical simulations, in particular to shed light on the phenomenon of jet emission from a condensate interacting with a laser.
We have studied the details of the formation of mutually guided and localized structures of co-propagating coherent electromagnetic radiation and a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). In the limit of zero temperature and large detuning, we have used a semiclassical model based on Maxwell equations coupled to the Schr\"odinger equation which includes the back action of the atoms on the radiation. Following numerically the two systems, we have found that a variety of effects can be displayed depending on the initial conditions: The formation of single-hump mutually guided structures of atoms and radiation seems to be only one of the possible outcomes of the interaction. Other effects we have observed via numerical simulations are, for instance, the creation of atom-laser solitarylike structures which are then symmetrically ejected from the initial central peak or similar symmetrical structures trapped in a bound state and thus oscillating about the central point in a way somehow reminiscent of purely nonlinear optics effect.
A basic set of equations describing the interaction of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) with a laser field is derived based on a semiclassical model and applied to the problem of mutual guiding of laser and BEC atomic beams. Within this framework we have studied stationary spatially localized solutions of the nonlinear system which describe possible laser and BEC atomic beam guiding and have shown their stability as well. It is also shown that a self-guiding effect can be realized through both single- and multiple-scaled structures of a BEC atomic and a laser beam.
An investigation of Bose-Einstein condensate in two-dimensional optical lattice potentials, formed by laser beams, is carried out.We are interested in the dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensate in a square optical lattice, where the periodic potential can lead to the stabilization of an otherwise unstable Bose-Einstein condensate.The behavior of Bose-Einstein condensate in optical lattices is described by the nonlinear Gross-Pitaevskii equation, which we treat numerically.By applying the Petviashvili iteration method, we demonstrate the existence of solitonic solutions in the case of counterpropagating matter waves, and analyze their stability.
The properties of Bose–Einstein condensates in an external potential produced by a laser light field are discussed. Considered are the condensates embedded in periodic lattices produced by standing laser waves and the condensates confined within 'optical traps' near the focus of a traveling wave. Observations of the Mott transition in a periodic lattice are described, as are experiments on atoms near the Feshbach resonance and experiments on the condensates in a double potential well, which permit investigating the tunnel dynamics of condensate phases.