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The similarity renormalization group for three-body interactions in one dimension

Oscar Åkerlund, Lindgren, E. J., Johan Bergsten, Björn Grevholm, Pablo Lerner, Ross Linscott, C. Forssén, Lucas Platter

Published Jan 1, 2011• 6 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We report on recent progress of the implementation of the similarity renormalization group (SRG) for three-body interactions in a one-dimensional, bosonic model system using the plane-wave basis. We discuss our implementation of the flow equations and show results that confirm that results in the three-body sector remain unchanged by the transformation of the Hamiltonian. We also show how the SRG transformation decouples low- from high-momentum nodes in the three-body sector and therefore simplifies the numerical calculation of observables.

Related papers

Applications of the Similarity Renormalization Group to the Nuclear Interaction

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The Similarity Renormalization Group (SRG) is investigated as a powerful yet practical method to modify nuclear potentials so as to reduce computational requirements for calculations of observables. The key feature of SRG transformations that leads to computational benefits is the decoupling of low-energy nuclear physics from high-energy details of the inter-nucleon interaction. We examine decoupling quantitatively for two-body observables and few-body binding energies. The universal nature of this decoupling is illustrated and errors from suppressing high-momentum modes above the decoupling scale are shown to be perturbatively small. To explore the SRG evolution of many-body forces, we use as a laboratory a one-dimensional system of bosons with short-range repulsion and mid-range attraction, which emulates realistic nuclear forces. The free-space SRG is implemented for few-body systems in a symmetrized harmonic oscillator basis using a recursive construction analogous to no-core shell model implementations. Building on one-dimensional results we performed the first practical evolution of three-dimensional many-body forces within the No-Core Shell Model basis. Results for the 3H binding energy are consistent with previous calculations involving momentum-space evolution of only two-body forces, and validate expectations from calculations in the one-dimensional oscillator basis. When applied to 4He calculations, the two- and three-body oscillator matrix elements yield rapid convergence of the ground-state energy with a small net contribution of the induced four-body force. The radius of light nuclei is also explored in the three-dimensional basis.

arXiv:0912.2937•Dec 15, 2009•5 citations

The Similarity Renormalization Group for three bosons in a momentum-space partial-wave basis

B. D. Carlsson

The Similarity Renormalization Group (SRG) flow equation is explored for systems of two and three spinless bosons in a momentum-space partial-wave basis. The two- and three-body binding energies as well as the phaseshifts are used to gauge that the transformation is unitary and to study how well the SRG decouples high- and low-energy physics. I consider four different potentials with different characteristics: Two simplied nucleon potentials and two inter-atomic helium potentials (a soft-core potential and the state-of-the-art LM2M2 potential that is fitted to a wealth of experimental data). An initial three-body force is included for two of these potentials. Even with only two-body terms in the initial hamiltonian, SRG induced many-body forces are shown to arise during the transformation. These induced forces are computed for the three-body system and their evolution is studied as a function of the flow parameter. In all cases the SRG transformed potentials display greatly improved decoupling. This is achieved with a three-body binding-energy deviation of less than 0.1% in all cases except for the soft-core helium potential.\n

•Jan 1, 2012•0 citations

The Similarity Renormalization Group - for three bosons in one-dimensional momentum space

Oscar Åkerlund, Jonathan Lindgren, Pablo Lerner +3 more

The Similarity Renormalization Group (SRG) has been studied in a one-dimensional system. It has been implemented for two- and three-body systems in continuous momentum space using Jacobi coordinates. Various potentials have been used, describing different physical attributes such as hard-core repulsion and long-range attraction. The unitarity of the transformation has been verified by examining the conservation of observables, for example of the binding energy. The importance of the induced three-body force has been addressed. We show that the decoupling of high and low energies occurs and that because of this computational requirements are lowered.

•Jan 1, 2011•1 citation

Similarity renormalization group and many-body effects in multiparticle systems

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The similarity renormalization group (SRG), based on the simple one-body free harmonic oscillator Hamiltonian, is applied to various nucleon-nucleon realistic interactions to investigate the unitarity of the SRG transformations. Two-body and three-body contributions to the SRG-evolved Hamiltonian are studied in the framework of spectral distribution theory for reasonable SRG cutoffs and in multiparticle systems, with up through 28 particles considered. The outcome points to the first evidence for the overall importance of three-body SRG-induced interactions and especially, of its two-body effective content in multinucleon systems, without the need for large-scale shell model calculations for many light to heavier nuclei.

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Operator evolution via the similarity renormalization group: The deuteron

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Similarity renormalization group (SRG) flow equations can be used to unitarily soften nuclear Hamiltonians by decoupling high-energy intermediate-state contributions to low-energy observables while maintaining the natural hierarchy of many-body forces. Analogous flow equations can be used to consistently evolve operators so that observables are unchanged if no approximations are made. The question in practice is whether the advantages of a softer Hamiltonian and less-correlated wave functions might be offset by complications in approximating and applying other operators. Here we examine the properties of SRG-evolved operators, focusing in this article on applications to the deuteron but leading toward methods for few-body systems. We find the advantageous features generally carry over to other operators with additional simplifications in some cases from factorization of the unitary transformation operator.

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Group-theoretical approach to interaction renormalization forab initiosolutions of the nuclear problem

K. D. Sviratcheva, Jerry Paul Draayer, T. Dytrych

For many problems in nuclear, high-energy and solid-state physics a crucial step toward a solution involves a diagonalization or simplification of the Hamiltonian of a many-body quantum-mechanical system. Problems of interest include renormalization of the Hamiltonian to accommodate excluded basis spaces, decoupling of a model space region of special interest from irrelevant configurations, or near-diagonalization to invoke perturbative treatments. In such applications, the Similarity Renormalization Group (SRG) approach (or flow equations ) can provide solutions where more conventional methods fail. We show that when SRG employs a near symmetry of a system, utilizing the Casimir invariant operators, it evolves the Hamiltonian of the system toward a (block-)diagonal form that can be realized in terms of a finite number of integrity basis operators. In particular, for atomic nuclei, an SRG flow equation that utilizes the SU(3) symmetry, which often dominates the nuclear dynamics, is found to naturally evolve a nucleon-nucleon (NN) interaction toward a block-diagonal form. A remarkable consequence is that a renormalized SU(3)-preserving many-body Hamiltonian expressed in terms of only the SU(3) integrity basis realizes energy spectra identical to the ones of the original realistic NN interaction, which reflects the low-energy symmetries as well as symmetry-breaking patterns of quantum chromodynamics. Such a scheme is especially suitable for ab initio SU(3) symmetry-adapted shell model calculations, which can further allow for perturbative treatments of the nuclear interaction. Moreover, the use of symmetries dramatically reduces the size of the problem, as the flow equation can be rewritten in terms of SU(3) reduced matrix elements of the NN interaction. This is crucial for maintaining the unitarity of the SRG transformations that generate many-body interactions.

Journal of Physics Conference Series•Mar 1, 2011•0 citations
We report on recent progress of the implementation of the similarity renormalization group (SRG) for three-body interactions in a one-dimensional, bosonic model system using the plane-wave basis. We discuss our implementation of the flow equations and show results that confirm that results in the three-body sector remain unchanged by the transformation of the Hamiltonian. We also show how the SRG transformation decouples low- from high-momentum nodes in the three-body sector and therefore simplifies the numerical calculation of observables.
The Similarity Renormalization Group (SRG) is investigated as a powerful yet practical method to modify nuclear potentials so as to reduce computational requirements for calculations of observables. The key feature of SRG transformations that leads to computational benefits is the decoupling of low-energy nuclear physics from high-energy details of the inter-nucleon interaction. We examine decoupling quantitatively for two-body observables and few-body binding energies. The universal nature of this decoupling is illustrated and errors from suppressing high-momentum modes above the decoupling scale are shown to be perturbatively small. To explore the SRG evolution of many-body forces, we use as a laboratory a one-dimensional system of bosons with short-range repulsion and mid-range attraction, which emulates realistic nuclear forces. The free-space SRG is implemented for few-body systems in a symmetrized harmonic oscillator basis using a recursive construction analogous to no-core shell model implementations. Building on one-dimensional results we performed the first practical evolution of three-dimensional many-body forces within the No-Core Shell Model basis. Results for the 3H binding energy are consistent with previous calculations involving momentum-space evolution of only two-body forces, and validate expectations from calculations in the one-dimensional oscillator basis. When applied to 4He calculations, the two- and three-body oscillator matrix elements yield rapid convergence of the ground-state energy with a small net contribution of the induced four-body force. The radius of light nuclei is also explored in the three-dimensional basis.
The Similarity Renormalization Group (SRG) flow equation is explored for systems of two and three spinless bosons in a momentum-space partial-wave basis. The two- and three-body binding energies as well as the phaseshifts are used to gauge that the transformation is unitary and to study how well the SRG decouples high- and low-energy physics. I consider four different potentials with different characteristics: Two simplied nucleon potentials and two inter-atomic helium potentials (a soft-core potential and the state-of-the-art LM2M2 potential that is fitted to a wealth of experimental data). An initial three-body force is included for two of these potentials. Even with only two-body terms in the initial hamiltonian, SRG induced many-body forces are shown to arise during the transformation. These induced forces are computed for the three-body system and their evolution is studied as a function of the flow parameter. In all cases the SRG transformed potentials display greatly improved decoupling. This is achieved with a three-body binding-energy deviation of less than 0.1% in all cases except for the soft-core helium potential.\n
The Similarity Renormalization Group (SRG) has been studied in a one-dimensional system. It has been implemented for two- and three-body systems in continuous momentum space using Jacobi coordinates. Various potentials have been used, describing different physical attributes such as hard-core repulsion and long-range attraction. The unitarity of the transformation has been verified by examining the conservation of observables, for example of the binding energy. The importance of the induced three-body force has been addressed. We show that the decoupling of high and low energies occurs and that because of this computational requirements are lowered.
The similarity renormalization group (SRG), based on the simple one-body free harmonic oscillator Hamiltonian, is applied to various nucleon-nucleon realistic interactions to investigate the unitarity of the SRG transformations. Two-body and three-body contributions to the SRG-evolved Hamiltonian are studied in the framework of spectral distribution theory for reasonable SRG cutoffs and in multiparticle systems, with up through 28 particles considered. The outcome points to the first evidence for the overall importance of three-body SRG-induced interactions and especially, of its two-body effective content in multinucleon systems, without the need for large-scale shell model calculations for many light to heavier nuclei.
Similarity renormalization group (SRG) flow equations can be used to unitarily soften nuclear Hamiltonians by decoupling high-energy intermediate-state contributions to low-energy observables while maintaining the natural hierarchy of many-body forces. Analogous flow equations can be used to consistently evolve operators so that observables are unchanged if no approximations are made. The question in practice is whether the advantages of a softer Hamiltonian and less-correlated wave functions might be offset by complications in approximating and applying other operators. Here we examine the properties of SRG-evolved operators, focusing in this article on applications to the deuteron but leading toward methods for few-body systems. We find the advantageous features generally carry over to other operators with additional simplifications in some cases from factorization of the unitary transformation operator.
For many problems in nuclear, high-energy and solid-state physics a crucial step toward a solution involves a diagonalization or simplification of the Hamiltonian of a many-body quantum-mechanical system. Problems of interest include renormalization of the Hamiltonian to accommodate excluded basis spaces, decoupling of a model space region of special interest from irrelevant configurations, or near-diagonalization to invoke perturbative treatments. In such applications, the Similarity Renormalization Group (SRG) approach (or flow equations ) can provide solutions where more conventional methods fail. We show that when SRG employs a near symmetry of a system, utilizing the Casimir invariant operators, it evolves the Hamiltonian of the system toward a (block-)diagonal form that can be realized in terms of a finite number of integrity basis operators. In particular, for atomic nuclei, an SRG flow equation that utilizes the SU(3) symmetry, which often dominates the nuclear dynamics, is found to naturally evolve a nucleon-nucleon (NN) interaction toward a block-diagonal form. A remarkable consequence is that a renormalized SU(3)-preserving many-body Hamiltonian expressed in terms of only the SU(3) integrity basis realizes energy spectra identical to the ones of the original realistic NN interaction, which reflects the low-energy symmetries as well as symmetry-breaking patterns of quantum chromodynamics. Such a scheme is especially suitable for ab initio SU(3) symmetry-adapted shell model calculations, which can further allow for perturbative treatments of the nuclear interaction. Moreover, the use of symmetries dramatically reduces the size of the problem, as the flow equation can be rewritten in terms of SU(3) reduced matrix elements of the NN interaction. This is crucial for maintaining the unitarity of the SRG transformations that generate many-body interactions.