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Universal Transverse Conductance between Quantum Hall Regions and (2 + 1)D Bosonization

Daniel Gustavo Barci, Luis E. Oxman, Trieste (Italy) International School for Advanced Studies

Published Jan 1, 2000• 12 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Using bosonization techniques for (2 + 1)D systems, we show that the transverse conductance for a system with general current interactions, when measured between perfect Hall regions is not renormalized at low temperatures. Our method extends two results we have recently obtained on low dimensional fermionic systems: on the one hand, the relationship between universality of Landauer conductance and universality of bosonization rules for (1 + 1)D systems, and on the other hand, the universal character of the bosonized topological current associated to a (2 + 1)D fermionic system with current interactions.

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Using bosonization techniques for (2 + 1)D systems, we show that the transverse conductance for a system with general current interactions, when measured between perfect Hall regions is not renormalized at low temperatures. Our method extends two results we have recently obtained on low dimensional fermionic systems: on the one hand, the relationship between universality of Landauer conductance and universality of bosonization rules for (1 + 1)D systems, and on the other hand, the universal character of the bosonized topological current associated to a (2 + 1)D fermionic system with current interactions.
We review two rigorous results on the transport properties of weakly interacting fermionic systems on 2d2d2d lattices, in the linear response regime. First, we discuss the universality of the longitudinal conductivity for interacting graphene. Then, we focus on the transverse conductivity of general weakly interacting gapped fermionic systems, and we establish its universality. This last result proves the stability of the integer quantum Hall effect against weak interactions. The proofs are based on combinations of fermionic cluster expansion techniques, renormalization group and lattice Ward identities.
We show that tunneling involving bosonic wires and/or boson integer quantum Hall (bIQH) edges is characterized by features that are far more universal than those in their fermionic counterpart. Considering a pair of minimal geometries, we examine the tunneling conductance as a function of energy (e.g., chemical potential bias) at high and low energy limits, finding a low energy enhancement and a universal high versus zero energy relation that hold for all wire/bIQH edge combinations. Beyond this universality present in all the different topological (bIQH-edge) and nontopological (wire) setups, we also discover a number of features distinguishing the topological bIQH edges, which include a current imbalance to chemical potential bias ratio that is quantized despite the lack of conductance quantization in the bIQH edges themselves. The predicted phenomena require only initial states to be thermal and thus are well suited for tests with ultracold bosons forming wires and bIQH states. For the latter, we highlight a potential realization based on single component bosons in the recently observed Harper-Hofstadter band structure.
We suggest a means to calculate the dc conductance of a one-dimensional electron system described by the Luttinger model. Our approach is based on the ideas of Landauer and B\"uttiker on transport in ballistic channels and on the methods of current algebra. We analyze in detail the way in which the system can be coupled to external reservoirs. This determines whether the conductance is renormalized or not. We provide a parallel treatment of a quantum wire and a fractional quantum Hall system on a cylinder with two widely separated edges. Although both systems are described by the same effective theory, the physical electrons are identified with different types of excitations, and hence the coupling to external reservoirs is different. As a consequence, the conductance in the wire is quantized in integer units of e2h\frac{{e}^{2}}{h}he2​ per spin orientation whereas the Hall conductance allows for fractional quantization.
We study the Hall response of two-dimensional lattice systems of charged fermions in a transverse magnetic field, in the ballistic coherent limit. We identify a setup in which this response vanishes over wide regions of parameter space: the "Landauer-Büttiker" setup commonly studied for coherent quantum transport, consisting of a strip contacted to biased ideal reservoirs of charges. We show that this effect does not rely on particle-hole symmetry, and is robust to a variety of perturbations including variations of the transverse magnetic field, chemical potential, and temperature. We trace this robustness back to a topological property of the Fermi surface: the number of Fermi points with positive velocity of the system. We argue that the mechanism leading to a vanishing Hall response applies to noninteracting and interacting systems alike, which we verify in concrete examples using density-matrix renormalization group simulations.
Tempted by the progress in measurements of transport properties of ultracold atomic system and by the experimental methods of creating artificial gauge potentials, we study the Hall conductivity of strongly interacting bosonic particles in a lattice. We use the Haldane-Bose-Hubbard model in the quantum rotor approach to obtain a dependence of the Hall conductivity on the temperature, frequency, and model parameters. We identify two types of excitations contributing to the Hall conductivity, a generation of particle-hole pairs and a coupling of the thermally excited quasiparticles to the external field. We observe a strong influence of the Berry curvature on the transverse transport.
We analyze the universality of the bosonization rules in nonrelativistic fermionic systems in (2+1)d. We show that, in the case of linear fermionic dispersion relations, a general fermionic theory can be mapped into a gauge theory in such a way that the fermionic density maps into a magnetic flux and the fermionic current maps into a transverse electric field. These are universal rules in the sense that they remain valid whatever the interaction considered. We also show that these rules are universal in the case of nonlinear dispersion relations provided we consider only density–density interactions. We apply the functional bosonization formalism to a nonrelativistic and nonlocal massive Thirring-like model and evaluate the spectrum of collective excitations in several limits. In the large mass limit, we are able to exactly calculate this spectrum for arbitrary density–density and current–current interactions. We also analyze the massless case and show that it has no collective excitations for any density–density potential in the Gaussian approximation. Moreover, the presence of current interactions may induce a gapless mode with a linear dispersion relation.