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Dark-Bright Ring Solitons in Bose-Einstein Condensates

Stockhofe, J., Kevrekidis, Panos, Frantzeskakis, D. J., Schmelcher, P.

Published Jan 1, 2011• 24 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We study dark–bright (DB) ring solitons in two-component Bose–Einstein condensates. In the limit of large densities of the dark component, we describe the soliton dynamics by means of an equation of motion for the ring radius. The presence of the bright, 'filling' species is demonstrated to have a stabilizing effect on the ring dark soliton. Near the linear limit, we discuss the symmetry-breaking bifurcations of DB soliton stripes and vortex-bright soliton clusters from the DB ring and relate the stabilizing effect of filling to changes in the bifurcation diagram. Finally, we show that the stabilization by means of a second component is not limited to the radially symmetric structures, but can also be observed in a cross-like DB soliton configuration.

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arXiv:1703.04721•Applied Sciences•Apr 13, 2017•7 citations
We study dark–bright (DB) ring solitons in two-component Bose–Einstein condensates. In the limit of large densities of the dark component, we describe the soliton dynamics by means of an equation of motion for the ring radius. The presence of the bright, 'filling' species is demonstrated to have a stabilizing effect on the ring dark soliton. Near the linear limit, we discuss the symmetry-breaking bifurcations of DB soliton stripes and vortex-bright soliton clusters from the DB ring and relate the stabilizing effect of filling to changes in the bifurcation diagram. Finally, we show that the stabilization by means of a second component is not limited to the radially symmetric structures, but can also be observed in a cross-like DB soliton configuration.
We study dark–bright (DB) ring solitons in two-component Bose–Einstein condensates. In the limit of large densities of the dark component, we describe the soliton dynamics by means of an equation of motion for the ring radius. The presence of the bright, 'filling' species is demonstrated to have a stabilizing effect on the ring dark soliton. Near the linear limit, we discuss the symmetry-breaking bifurcations of DB soliton stripes and vortex-bright soliton clusters from the DB ring and relate the stabilizing effect of filling to changes in the bifurcation diagram. Finally, we show that the stabilization by means of a second component is not limited to the radially symmetric structures, but can also be observed in a cross-like DB soliton configuration.
In the present work, we revisit two-component Bose-Einstein condensates in their fully three-dimensional (3D) form. Motivated by earlier studies of dark-bright solitons in the 1D case, we explore the stability of these structures in their fully 3D form in two variants. In one the dark soliton is planar and trapping a planar bright (disk) soliton. In the other case, a dark spherical shell soliton creates an effective potential in which a bright spherical shell of atoms is trapped in the second component. We identify these solutions as numerically exact states (up to a prescribed accuracy) and perform a Bogolyubov-de Gennes linearization analysis that illustrates that both structures can be dynamically stable in suitable intervals of sufficiently low chemical potentials. We corroborate this finding theoretically by analyzing the stability via degenerate perturbation theory near the linear limit of the system. When the solitary waves are found to be unstable, we explore their dynamical evolution via direct numerical simulations which, in turn, reveal wave forms that are more robust. Finally, using the SO(2) symmetry of the model, we produce multi-dark-bright planar or shell solitons involved in pairwise oscillatory motion.
We have created spatial dark solitons in two-component Bose-Einstein condensates in which the soliton exists in one of the condensate components and the soliton nodal plane is filled with the second component. The filled solitons are stable for hundreds of milliseconds. The filling can be selectively removed, making the soliton more susceptible to dynamical instabilities. For a condensate in a spherically symmetric potential, these instabilities cause the dark soliton to decay into stable vortex rings. We have imaged the resulting vortex rings.
In this work we present a systematic study of the three-dimensional extension of the ring dark soliton, examining its existence, stability, and dynamics in isotropic harmonically trapped Bose-Einstein condensates. Detuning the chemical potential from the linear limit, the ring dark soliton becomes unstable immediately but can be fully stabilized by an external cylindrical potential. The ring has a large number of unstable modes which are analyzed through spectral stability analysis. Furthermore, a few typical destabilization dynamical scenarios are revealed with a number of interesting vortical structures emerging, such as the two or four coaxial parallel vortex rings. In the process of considering the stability of the structure, we also develop a modified version of the degenerate perturbation theory method for characterizing the spectra of the coherent structure. This semianalytical method can be reliably applied to any soliton with a linear limit to explore its spectral properties near this limit. The good agreement of the resulting spectrum is illustrated via a comparison with the full numerical Bogolyubov--de Gennes spectrum. The application of the method to the two-component ring dark-bright soliton is also discussed.
We study the dynamics of dark-bright (DB) solitons in binary mixtures of Bose gases at finite temperature using a system of two coupled dissipative Gross–Pitaevskii equations. We develop a perturbation theory for the two-component system to derive an equation of motion for the soliton centers and identify different temperature-dependent damping regimes. We show that the effect of the bright ('filling') soliton component is to partially stabilize 'bare' dark solitons against temperature-induced dissipation, thus providing longer lifetimes. We also study analytically thermal effects on DB soliton 'molecules' (i.e. two in-phase and out-of-phase DB solitons), showing that they undergo expanding oscillations while interacting. Our analytical findings are in good agreement with results obtained via a Bogoliubov–de Gennes analysis and direct numerical simulations.
The existence, stability, and dynamics of bound pairs of symbiotic matter waves in the form of dark-bright soliton pairs in two-component mixtures of atomic Bose–Einstein condensates is investigated. Motivated by the tunability of the atomic interactions in recent experiments, we explore in detail the impact that changes in the interaction strengths have on these bound pairs by considering significant deviations from the integrable limit. It is found that dark-bright soliton pairs exist as stable configurations in a wide parametric window spanning both the miscible and the immiscible regime of interactions. Outside this parameter interval, two unstable regions are identified and are associated with a supercritical and a subcritical pitchfork bifurcation, respectively. Dynamical manifestation of these instabilities gives rise to a redistribution of the bright density between the dark solitons, and also to symmetry-broken stationary states that are mass imbalanced (asymmetric) with respect to their bright soliton counterpart. The long-time dynamics of both the stable and the unstable balanced and imbalanced dark-bright soliton pairs is analyzed.