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Hybrid Quantum Devices and Quantum Engineering

Margareta Wallquist, Klemens Hammerer, Peter Rabl, Mikhail D. Lukin, Zoller, P

Published Jan 1, 2009• 164 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We discuss prospects of building hybrid quantum devices involving elements of atomic and\nmolecular physics, quantum optics and solid-state elements with the attempt to combine\nadvantages of the respective systems in compatible experimental setups. In particular, we summarize our recent work on quantum hybrid devices and briefly discuss recent ideas for quantum networks. These include interfacing of molecular quantum memory with circuit QED, and using nanomechanical elements strongly coupled to qubits represented by electronic spins, as well as single atoms or atomic ensembles.

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We discuss prospects of building hybrid quantum devices involving elements of atomic and\nmolecular physics, quantum optics and solid-state elements with the attempt to combine\nadvantages of the respective systems in compatible experimental setups. In particular, we summarize our recent work on quantum hybrid devices and briefly discuss recent ideas for quantum networks. These include interfacing of molecular quantum memory with circuit QED, and using nanomechanical elements strongly coupled to qubits represented by electronic spins, as well as single atoms or atomic ensembles.
We discuss prospects of building hybrid quantum devices involving elements of atomic and molecular physics, quantum optics and solid-state elements with the attempt to combine advantages of the respective systems in compatible experimental setups. In particular, we summarize our recent work on quantum hybrid devices and briefly discuss recent ideas for quantum networks. These include interfacing of molecular quantum memory with circuit QED, and using nanomechanical elements strongly coupled to qubits represented by electronic spins, as well as single atoms or atomic ensembles.
Hybrid quantum circuits combine two or more physical systems, with the goal of harnessing the advantages and strengths of the different systems in order to better explore new phenomena and potentially bring about novel quantum technologies. This article presents a brief overview of the progress achieved so far in the field of hybrid circuits involving atoms, spins, and solid-state devices (including superconducting and nanomechanical systems). How these circuits combine elements from atomic physics, quantum optics, condensed matter physics, and nanoscience is discussed, and different possible approaches for integrating various systems into a single circuit are presented. In particular, hybrid quantum circuits can be fabricated on a chip, facilitating their future scalability, which is crucial for building future quantum technologies, including quantum detectors, simulators, and computers.
Quantum opto- and electromechanical systems interface mechanical motion with the electromagnetic modes of optical resonators and microwave circuits. The capabilities and promise of these hybrid devices have been showcased through a variety of recent experimental advances that demonstrated exquisite control over the quantum state of solid-state mechanical objects. In this perspective, we offer an overview of the current state, as well as an outlook of the future directions, challenges, and opportunities for this growing field of research. We focus, in particular, on the prospects for ground state cooling of mechanical modes and their use in quantum circuits, transducers, and networks.
We discuss interfacing trapped atomic systems with solid-state systems such as superconducting Josephson-junction devices or nanomechanical oscillators. Such hybrid quantum systems could ease scalable quantum information processing and yield novel and profound insight into the quantum mechanics of macroscopic quantum many-body systems. We review the relevant interactions and illuminate the role of the vastly differing impedance of atomic and solid-state systems. We give some basic guidelines toward combining quantum systems, and finally, discuss some concrete proposals to interface atomic with solid-state systems.
We review the results of our current research on quantum engineering which include the theory, modeling and simulations of quantum devices for potential applications to threat reduction and homeland security. In particular, we discuss: (i) scalable solid-state quantum computation with qubits based on (a) nuclear spins of impurity atoms in solids, (b) superconducting junctions, and (c) unpaired electron spins of spin radicals in self-assembled organic materials; (ii) quantum neural devices; (iii) quantum annealing; (iv) novel magnetic memory devices based on magnetic tunneling junctions with large tunneling magnetoresistance; (v) terahertz detectors based on microcantilever as a light pressure sensor; (vi) BEC based interferometers; (vii) quantum microscopes with a single-spin resolution based on (a) a magnetic resonant force microscopy and (b) an optically detected magnetic resonance; and (viii) novel approach for suppression of fluctuations in free space high-speed optical communication. Finally, we describe the similarities between the behavior of cross sections in reactions with heavy nuclei in the regions of strongly overlapped resonances and electron conductivity in semiconductor heterostructures.
An extensively pursued current direction of research in physics aims at the development of practical technologies that exploit the effects of quantum mechanics. As part of this ongoing effort, devices for quantum information processing, secure communication, and high-precision sensing are being implemented with diverse systems, ranging from photons, atoms, and spins to mesoscopic superconducting and nanomechanical structures. Their physical properties make some of these systems better suited than others for specific tasks; thus, photons are well suited for transmitting quantum information, weakly interacting spins can serve as long-lived quantum memories, and superconducting elements can rapidly process information encoded in their quantum states. A central goal of the envisaged quantum technologies is to develop devices that can simultaneously perform several of these tasks, namely, reliably store, process, and transmit quantum information. Hybrid quantum systems composed of different physical components with complementary functionalities may provide precisely such multitasking capabilities. This article reviews some of the driving theoretical ideas and first experimental realizations of hybrid quantum systems and the opportunities and challenges they present and offers a glance at the near- and long-term perspectives of this fascinating and rapidly expanding field.