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WORLD SCIENTIFIC eBooks

Observation of the cesium clock transition in laser-cooled atoms

David W. Sesko, Carl Wieman

Published Jan 1, 2008• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1142/9789812813787_0034

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Observation of the cesium clock transition in laser-cooled atoms

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We have used the light from diode lasers to produce a nearly stationary (upsilon ~ 15 cm/sec) sample of atomic cesium in optical molasses that is entirely in the F = 3 hyperfine state. In this sample we excite the 9.2-GHz 6SF = 3, m = 0 to F = 4, m = 0 clock transition. Most of the atoms remain for ~20 msec in the 0.4-cm(3) observation region. We observe that transitions take place by monitoring the fluorescence when the atoms are illuminated with light tuned to the 6S F = 4 to 6P(3/2)F = 5 transition. Rabi resonance linewidths of less than 50 Hz are obtained.

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Summary form only given. The long observation times afforded by laser cooling of neutral atoms ushered in a new era of accuracy and stability for cesium atomic clocks. Traditional thermal beam atomic clocks are limited to interaction times of only a few milliseconds, while with laser cooling times of order 1 second have been realized with high stability. Most laser cooled clocks use a "fountain" geometry, in which the atoms are thrown up against the pull of gravity and realize longer times before falling back to the bottom of the apparatus. We have been developing a laser-cooling apparatus for flight on the International Space Station (ISS), with the intention of demonstrating linewidths of the cesium clock transition narrower than can be realized on the ground.

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Laser Cooling and Trapping of Cesium Atoms

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We have used the light from diode lasers to produce a nearly stationary (upsilon ~ 15 cm/sec) sample of atomic cesium in optical molasses that is entirely in the F = 3 hyperfine state. In this sample we excite the 9.2-GHz 6SF = 3, m = 0 to F = 4, m = 0 clock transition. Most of the atoms remain for ~20 msec in the 0.4-cm(3) observation region. We observe that transitions take place by monitoring the fluorescence when the atoms are illuminated with light tuned to the 6S F = 4 to 6P(3/2)F = 5 transition. Rabi resonance linewidths of less than 50 Hz are obtained.
Summary form only given. The long observation times afforded by laser cooling of neutral atoms ushered in a new era of accuracy and stability for cesium atomic clocks. Traditional thermal beam atomic clocks are limited to interaction times of only a few milliseconds, while with laser cooling times of order 1 second have been realized with high stability. Most laser cooled clocks use a "fountain" geometry, in which the atoms are thrown up against the pull of gravity and realize longer times before falling back to the bottom of the apparatus. We have been developing a laser-cooling apparatus for flight on the International Space Station (ISS), with the intention of demonstrating linewidths of the cesium clock transition narrower than can be realized on the ground.