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Detector self-tomography

Raúl Cónsul, Luis Aina, Alfredo

Published Dec 15, 2020• 4 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We present an intuitive model of detector self-tomography. Two identical realizations of the detector are illuminated by an entangled state that connects the joint statistics in a way in which each detector sees the other as a kind of mirror reflection. A suitable analysis of the statistics reveals the possibility of fully characterizing the detector. We apply this idea to Bell-type experiments, revealing their nonclassical nature.

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We present an intuitive model of detector self-tomography. Two identical realizations of the detector are illuminated by an entangled state that connects the joint statistics in a way in which each detector sees the other as a kind of mirror reflection. A suitable analysis of the statistics reveals the possibility of fully characterizing the detector. We apply this idea to Bell-type experiments, revealing their nonclassical nature.
Any nonclassical effect noticed in measured statistics is usually attributed just to the light state being observed. According to Born's rule, quantum probabilities are given by the overlap between the system state and measurement states in a quite symmetrical way. We demonstrate that the nonclassicality of the measurement is a necessary condition to obtain nonclassical statistics. To this end, we present a detector characterization for two-observable joint detection processes based on detector tomography. This is particularized to the most common signatures of nonclassical light.
Self-calibrating states are introduced as quantum resources for the simultaneous reconstruction of a quantum state and measurement device. Simple criteria for a state being self-calibrating are formulated. Theory applies to realistic state estimation scenarios, where the detection model is nonlinear in unknown parameters of the measuring device. Examples discussed include time multiplexed detection with on/off detectors and quantum homodyne tomography. The thermally noised single-photon states and Gaussian states are self-calibrating for these schemes. For homodyne tomography, statistical tests applied to raw measured data are sufficient for judging whether or not the signal state is self-calibrating without any a priori information.
The accurate and reliable description of measurement devices is a central problem in both observing uniquely nonclassical behaviors and realizing quantum technologies from powerful computing to precision metrology. To date quantum tomography is the prevalent tool to characterize quantum detectors. However, such a characterization relies on accurately characterized probe states, rendering reliability of the characterization lost in circular argument. Here we report a self-characterization method of quantum measurements based on reconstructing the response range-the entirety of attainable measurement outcomes, eliminating the reliance on known states. We characterize two representative measurements implemented with photonic setups and obtain fidelities above 99.99% with the conventional tomographic reconstructions. This initiates range-based techniques in characterizing quantum systems and foreshadows novel device-independent protocols of quantum information applications.
The double-slit experiment encompasses the deepest mysteries of Quantum Mechanics. Here, we offer a physically intuitive explanation of this experiment based on insight from a recently described statistical model for the CHSH-Bell and Franson experiments. Accordingly, while each particle follows a single path as it goes through the device and into a detector, it also modifies the physical properties of the vacuum around it by spontaneously breaking its group of symmetries. The well-known pattern of interference fringes that appears in statistical analysis of long sequences of repetitions is then understood as the result of the self-interaction of the propagating particles with the polarized vacuum they create around themselves. A novel experimental setup aimed to test the offered explanation is proposed.