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Fiber-coupled EPR-state generation using a single temporally multiplexed squeezed light source

Mikkel V. Larsen, Xueshi Guo, Casper R. Breum, Jonas Schou Neergaard-Nielsen, Ulrik L. Andersen

Published Jan 1, 2019• 27 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Abstract A prerequisite for universal quantum computation and other large-scale quantum information processors is the careful preparation of quantum states in massive numbers or of massive dimension. For continuous variable approaches to quantum information processing (QIP), squeezed states are the natural quantum resources, but most demonstrations have been based on a limited number of squeezed states due to the experimental complexity in up-scaling. The number of physical resources can however be significantly reduced by employing the technique of temporal multiplexing. Here, we demonstrate an application to continuous variable QIP of temporal multiplexing in fiber: Using just a single source of squeezed states in combination with active optical switching and a 200 m fiber delay line, we generate fiber-coupled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entangled quantum states. Our demonstration is a critical enabler for the construction of an in-fiber, all-purpose quantum information processor based on a single or few squeezed state quantum resources.

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Abstract A prerequisite for universal quantum computation and other large-scale quantum information processors is the careful preparation of quantum states in massive numbers or of massive dimension. For continuous variable approaches to quantum information processing (QIP), squeezed states are the natural quantum resources, but most demonstrations have been based on a limited number of squeezed states due to the experimental complexity in up-scaling. The number of physical resources can however be significantly reduced by employing the technique of temporal multiplexing. Here, we demonstrate an application to continuous variable QIP of temporal multiplexing in fiber: Using just a single source of squeezed states in combination with active optical switching and a 200 m fiber delay line, we generate fiber-coupled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entangled quantum states. Our demonstration is a critical enabler for the construction of an in-fiber, all-purpose quantum information processor based on a single or few squeezed state quantum resources.
Abstract A prerequisite for universal quantum computation and other large-scale quantum information processors is the careful preparation of quantum states in massive numbers or of massive dimension. For continuous variable approaches to quantum information processing (QIP), squeezed states are the natural quantum resources, but most demonstrations have been based on a limited number of squeezed states due to the experimental complexity in up-scaling. The number of physical resources can however be significantly reduced by employing the technique of temporal multiplexing. Here, we demonstrate an application to continuous variable QIP of temporal multiplexing in fiber: Using just a single source of squeezed states in combination with active optical switching and a 200 m fiber delay line, we generate fiber-coupled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entangled quantum states. Our demonstration is a critical enabler for the construction of an in-fiber, all-purpose quantum information processor based on a single or few squeezed state quantum resources.
One of the leading approaches to large-scale quantum information processing (QIP) is the continuous-variable (CV) scheme based on time multiplexing (TM). As a fundamental building block for this approach, quantum light sources to sequentially produce time-multiplexed squeezed-light pulses are required; however, conventional CV TM experiments have used fixed light sources that can only output the squeezed pulses with the same squeezing levels and phases. We here demonstrate a programmable time-multiplexed squeezed light source that can generate sequential squeezed pulses with various squeezing levels and phases at a time interval below 100 ns. The generation pattern can be arbitrarily chosen by software without changing its hardware configuration. This is enabled by using a waveguide optical parametric amplifier and modulating its continuous pump light. Our light source will implement various large-scale CV QIP tasks.
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) entanglement is a criterion that is more demanding than just certifying entanglement. We theoretically and experimentally analyze the low-resource generation of bipartite continuous-variable entanglement, as realized by mixing a squeezed mode with a vacuum mode at a balanced beam splitter, i.e., the generation of so-called vacuum-class entanglement. We find that in order to observe EPR entanglement the total optical loss must be smaller than 33.333.333.3 %. However, arbitrarily strong EPR entanglement is generally possible with this scheme. We realize continuous-wave squeezed light at 155015501550 nm with up to 9.99.99.9 dB of nonclassical noise reduction, which is the highest value at a telecom wavelength so far. Using two phase-controlled balanced homodyne detectors we observe an EPR covariance product of $0.502\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.006<1$, where 111 is the critical value. We discuss the feasibility of strong Gaussian entanglement and its application for quantum key distribution in a short-distance fiber network.
Continuous variable encoding of quantum information requires the deterministic generation of highly correlated quantum states of light in the form of quantum networks, which, in turn, necessitates the controlled generation of a large number of squeezed modes. In this paper, we present an experimental source of multimode squeezed states of light at telecommunication wavelengths. Generation at such wavelengths is especially important as it can enable quantum information processing, communication, and sensing beyond the laboratory scale. We use a single-pass spontaneous parametric down-conversion process in a nonlinear waveguide pumped with the second harmonic of a femtosecond laser. Our measurements reveal significant squeezing in more than 21 frequency modes, with a maximum squeezing value exceeding 2.5 dB. We demonstrate multiparty entanglement by measuring the state's covariance matrix. Finally, we show the source reconfigurability by preparing few-node cluster states and measure their nullifier squeezing level. These results pave the way for a scalable implementation of continuous variable quantum information protocols at telecommunication wavelengths, particularly for multiparty, entanglement-based quantum communications. Moreover, the source is compatible with additional pulse-by-pulse multiplexing, which can be utilized to construct the necessary three-dimensional entangled structures for quantum computing protocols. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
We report on the generation of a continuous variable Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) entanglement using an optical fiber interferometer. The Kerr nonlinearity in the fiber is exploited for the generation of two independent squeezed beams. These interfere at a beam splitter and EPR entanglement is obtained between the output beams. The correlation of the amplitude (phase) quadratures is measured to be 4.0+/-0.2 (4.0+/-0.4) dB below the quantum noise limit. The sum criterion for these squeezing variances 0.80+/-0.03<2 verifies the nonseparability of the state. The product of the inferred uncertainties for one beam (0.64+/-0.08) is well below the EPR limit of unity.