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Quantum chaos in the Bose-Hubbard model

Andrey R. Kolovsky, Andreas Buchleitner

Published Jan 1, 2004• 57 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We present a numerical study of the spectral properties of the 1D Bose-Hubbard model. Unlike the 1D Hubbard model for fermions, this system is found to be non-integrable, and exhibits Wigner-Dyson spectral statistics under suitable conditions.

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Motivated by the role that spectral properties play for the dynamical evolution of a quantum many-body system, we investigate the level spacing statistics of the extended Bose–Hubbard model. In particular, we focus on the distribution of the ratio of adjacent level spacings, useful at large interactions, to distinguish between chaotic and non-chaotic regimes. After revisiting the bare Bose–Hubbard model, we study the effect of two different perturbations: next-nearest-neighbor hopping and nearest-neighbor interaction. The system size dependence is investigated together with the effect of the proximity to integrable points or lines. Lastly, we discuss the consequences of a cutoff in the number of onsite bosons on the level statistics.
One-dimensional Bose-Hubbard models are well known to obey a transition from regular to quantum-chaotic spectral statistics. We are extending this concept to relatively simple two-dimensional many-body models. Also in two dimensions a transition from regular to chaotic spectral statistics is found and discussed. In particular, we analyze the dependence of the spectral properties on the bond number of the two-dimensional lattices and the applied boundary conditions. For maximal connectivity, the systems behave most regularly in agreement with the applicability of mean-field approaches in the limit of many nearest-neighbor couplings at each site.
In this thesis, we present a comprehensive study of chaos and thermalization of the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard Model (BHM) within the classical field approximation. Two quantitative measures are compared: the ensemble-averaged Finite-time Maximal Lyapunov exponent, a measures of chaos and the normalized spectral entropy, a measure of the distance between the numerical time-averaged momentum distribution and the one predicted by thermodynamics. A threshold for chaos is found, which depends on two parameters, the nonlinearity and the total energy-per-particle. Below the threshold, the dynamics are regular, while far above the threshold, complete thermalization is observed, as measured by the normalized spectral entropy. We study individual resonances in the Bose-Hubbard model to determine the criterion for chaos. The criterion based on Chirikov's method of overlapping resonances diverges in the thermodynamic limit, in contrast to the criterion parameters inferred from numerical calculations, signifying the failure of the standard Chirikov's approach. The Ablowitz-Ladik lattice is one of several integrable models that are close to the BHM. We outline the method of Inverse Scattering Transform and generate the integrals of motion of the Ablowitz-Ladik lattice. Furthermore, we discuss the possible role of these quantities in the relaxation dynamics of the BHM.
We consider a quantum many-body system-the Bose-Hubbard system on three sites-which has a classical limit, and which is neither strongly chaotic nor integrable but rather shows a mixture of the two types of behavior. We compare quantum measures of chaos (eigenvalue statistics and eigenvector structure) in the quantum system, with classical measures of chaos (Lyapunov exponents) in the corresponding classical system. As a function of energy and interaction strength, we demonstrate a strong overall correspondence between the two cases. In contrast to both strongly chaotic and integrable systems, the largest Lyapunov exponent is shown to be a multivalued function of energy.