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Quantum Behavior of Deterministic Systems with Information Loss. Path Integral Approach

Blasone, M, Jizba, P, Kleinert, H

Published Apr 26, 2005• 18 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

't Hooft's derivation of quantum from classical physics is analyzed by means of the classical path integral of Gozzi et al.. It is shown how the key element of this procedure - the loss of information constraint - can be implemented by means of Faddeev-Jackiw's treatment of constrained systems. It is argued that the emergent quantum systems are identical with systems obtained in [quant-ph/0409021] through Dirac-Bergmann's analysis. We illustrate our approach with two simple examples - free particle and linear harmonic oscillator. Potential Liouville anomalies are shown to be absent.

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't Hooft's derivation of quantum from classical physics is analyzed by means of the classical path integral of Gozzi et al.. It is shown how the key element of this procedure - the loss of information constraint - can be implemented by means of Faddeev-Jackiw's treatment of constrained systems. It is argued that the emergent quantum systems are identical with systems obtained in [quant-ph/0409021] through Dirac-Bergmann's analysis. We illustrate our approach with two simple examples - free particle and linear harmonic oscillator. Potential Liouville anomalies are shown to be absent.
The concept of constrained Hamiltonian dynamical systems and their quantization, introduced by Dirac, constitutes one of the most fundamental contributions to the development of the canonical formalism in recent times. Dirac’s concepts were later incorporated into the path-integral formulation of quantum mechanics by Faddeev, which played an important role in understanding some subtle aspects in the quantization of non-Abelian gauge theory. An example is given from nonrelativistic quantum mechanics which illustrates the formalism through simple analogy.
An effective formalism for quantum constrained systems is presented which allows manageable derivations of solutions and observables, including a treatment of physical reality conditions without requiring full knowledge of the physical inner product. Instead of a state equation from a constraint operator, an infinite system of constraint functions on the quantum phase space of expectation values and moments of states is used. The examples of linear constraints as well as the free non-relativistic particle in parametrized form illustrate how standard problems of constrained systems can be dealt with in this framework.
Instead of regarding the classical limit as the limit ℏ→0, an alternative view based on the physical interpretation of the elements of the density matrix is proposed. The derivation of the classical limit of quantum mechanics is carried out in two stages. First, the statistical classical limit is derived, and then, with an appropriate initial condition, the deterministic classical limit is obtained. The derivation hinges on the use of the Feynman path-integral formulation of quantum mechanics in terms of the density matrix. It is shown that deterministic (Hamilton’s or Newton’s) classical mehanics is not the classical limit of Schrödinger’s wave mechanics. The classical limit of Schrödinger’s wave mechanics is only statistical and corresponds to the classical Liouville equation. In order to obtain the deterministic classical limit, it is necessary to start out initially with a quantum mechanical mixture.