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Antisymmetric multi-partite quantum states and their applications

Jex, I, Alber, G, Barnett, S M, Delgado, A J

Published Sep 9, 2002• 10 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Entanglement is a powerful resource for processing quantum information. In this context pure, maximally entangled states have received considerable attention. In the case of bipartite qubit-systems the four orthonormal Bell-states are of this type. One of these Bell states, the singlet Bell-state, has the additional property of being antisymmetric with respect to particle exchange. In this contribution we discuss possible generalizations of this antisymmetric Bell-state to cases with more than two particles and with single-particle Hilbert spaces involving more than two dimensions. We review basic properties of these totally antisymmetric states. Among possible applications of this class of states we analyze a new quantum key sharing protocol and methods for comparing quantum states.

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Entanglement is a powerful resource for processing quantum information. In this context pure, maximally entangled states have received considerable attention. In the case of bipartite qubit-systems the four orthonormal Bell-states are of this type. One of these Bell states, the singlet Bell-state, has the additional property of being antisymmetric with respect to particle exchange. In this contribution we discuss possible generalizations of this antisymmetric Bell-state to cases with more than two particles and with single-particle Hilbert spaces involving more than two dimensions. We review basic properties of these totally antisymmetric states. Among possible applications of this class of states we analyze a new quantum key sharing protocol and methods for comparing quantum states.
Abstract Entanglement is a powerful resource for processing quantum information. In this context pure, maximally entangled states have received considerable attention. In the case of bipartite qubit‐systems the four orthonormal Bell‐states are of this type. One of these Bell states, the singlet Bell‐state, has the additional property of being antisymmetric with respect to particle exchange. In this contribution we discuss possible generalizations of this antisymmetric Bell‐state to cases with more than two particles and with single‐particle Hilbert spaces involving more than two dimensions. We review basic properties of these totally antisymmetric states. Among possible applications of this class of states we analyze a new quantum key sharing protocol and methods for comparing quantum states.
We investigate absolutely maximally entangled (AME) states, which are multipartite quantum states that are maximally entangled with respect to any possible bipartition. These strong entanglement properties make them a powerful resource for a variety of quantum information protocols. In this paper, we show the existence of AME states for any number of parties, given that the dimension of the involved systems is chosen appropriately. We prove the equivalence of AME states shared between an even number of parties and pure state threshold quantum secret sharing (QSS) schemes, and prove necessary and sufficient entanglement properties for a wider class of ramp QSS schemes. We further show how AME states can be used as a valuable resource for open-destination teleportation protocols and to what extend entanglement swapping generalizes to AME states.
A generalization of the Bell states and Pauli matrices to dimensions which are powers of 2 is considered. A basis of maximally entangled multidimensional bipartite states (MEMBS) is chosen very similar to the standard Bell states and constructed of only symmetric and antisymmetric states. This special basis of MEMBS preserves all basic properties of the standard Bell states. We present a recursive and non-recursive method for the construction of MEMBS and discuss their properties. The antisymmetric MEMBS possess the property of rotationally invariant exclusive correlations which is a generalization of the rotational invariance of the antisymmetric singlet Bell state.
Bosons and fermions are defined by their exchange properties and the underlying symmetries determine the structure of the corresponding state spaces. For two particles there are two possible exchange symmetries, resulting in symmetric or antisymmetric behaviour, but when exploring multiparticle systems also quantum states with chiral symmetries appear. In this work we demonstrate that chiral symmetries lead to extremal forms of quantum entanglement. More precisely, we show that subspaces with this symmetry are highly entangled with respect to the geometric measure of entanglement, leading to observables which can be useful for entanglement characterization. Along the way, we develop a simple method to solve the problem of genuine multiparticle entanglement for unitarily invariant three-particle states and use it to identify genuine multipartite entangled states whose partial transposes with respect to all bipartitions are positive. Finally, we consider generalizations with less symmetry and discuss potential applications.
In entanglement theory, there are different methods to consider one state being more entangled than another. The “maximally” entangled states in a multipartite system can be defined from an axiomatic perspective. According to different criteria for selection, there are many specific types of quantum maximally entangled states, such as absolutely maximally entangled state, planar maximally entangled state and so on. In this paper we propose a new type of maximally entangled states, the planar two-region multipartite maximally entangled state. The requirement condition of this maximally entangled state is weak than that of the absolutely maximally entangled state and different from that of the planar maximally entangled state. We show that there are the two-region four-partite maximally entangled states in 4-qubit and 7-qubit planar systems, although there is no absolutely maximally entangled state in these systems. It is proved that there are the planar two-region four-partite maximally entangled states in both even particle quantum systems and odd particle quantum systems. Additionally, based on some planar two-region four-partite maximally entangled states, the new planar two-region four-partite maximally entangled states are generated. We also provide some important examples of the planar two-region multi-partite maximally entangled states.
A complete analysis of entangled bipartite qutrit pure states is carried out based on a simple entanglement measure. An analysis of all possible extremally entangled pure bipartite qutrit states is shown to reduce, with the help of SLOCC transformations, to three distinct types. The analysis and the results should be helpful for finding different entanglement types in multipartite pure state systems. PACS: 03.67.-a; 03.67.Mn; 03.65.Ud; 03.65.Bz Quantum entanglement is an important resource to be implemented in quantum information processing and quantum communication protocols. [1] The interests in studying multi-dimensional entangled states come from both the foundations of quantum mechanics and the development of new protocols in quantum communication. For example, it was shown that maximally entangled states of two quantum systems in a high-dimensional Hilbert space, qudits, violate local realism stronger than qubits, and entangled qudits are less affected by noise than entangled qubits. [2,3] In quantum cryptography [4], the use of entangled qutrits [4,5] or qudits [6,7] instead of qubits is more secure against eavesdropping attacks. Furthermore, the protocols for quantum teleportation or for quantum cryptography, work best with maximally entangled states. All these facts motivate the development of techniques to generate entangled states among quantum systems in higher dimensional Hilbert space with a good quality of entanglement.