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The classical limit for a class quantum baker's maps

Tracy, M M, Scott, A J

Published Jun 5, 2002• 11 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We show that the class of quantum baker's maps defined by Schack and Caves have the proper classical limit provided the number of momentum bits approaches infinity. This is done by deriving a semi-classical approximation to the coherent-state propagator.

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The classical limit for a class of quantum baker s maps

Mark M Tracy, A J Scott

We show that the class of quantum baker's maps defined by Schack and Caves have the proper classical limit provided the number of momentum bits approaches infinity. This is done by deriving a semi-classical approximation to the coherent-state propagator.

arXiv:quant-ph/0206029•Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General•Sep 17, 2002•13 citations

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This work concerns the finding of the semi-classical form of the coherent state representation for the class of quantum baker’s maps defined by Schack and Caves. It begins by introducing the finite-dimensional Hilbert space on which the quantum baker’s map is defined. Its pertinent features including the all important symmetry operators are introduced and given a full explanation. We also introduce the finite-dimensional phase space which will give the semi-classical limit a geometrical interpretation. For a D dimensional Hilbert space, the finite-dimensional phase space is found to be a grid with D2 points. Each point corresponds to a particular pair of position and momentum displacement operator eigenphases. We then detail the derivation of the finite-dimension version of the Wigner function, a quasi-distribution for the finite-dimensional phase space. We show that its most “irregular” feature, mainly its property of having more values than was thought necessary, can be explained by its correct behavior under the symmetry operations, a feature lacking in other Wigner candidates. However, even this special choice for the Wigner function proves unusable in the semi-classical limit as it is found to have a non-convergent limit. We then turn to another possible phase space function: the Q-function. It being necessary to find a suitable coherent state for the finite-dimensional Hilbert space, we begin by studying the properties of the periodically continued Gaussian states. These are the typical Weyl coherent states made periodic in both position and momentum such as to make them legitimate finite-dimensional states. Developing certain mathematical techniques allows us to show that they have compatible position and momentum representations, that a subset of them are complete and can be used to define a Q-function, and that this function obeys all of the symmetry properties. Finally, we use these coherent states to find a representation for the propagator of the quantum baker’s map. In the semi-classical limit, i.e. the large dimension limit, this representation is found, for most of the maps, to take a form of the exponentiation of the classical map’s generating function. This form was predicted long ago by Van Vleck as indicator of an operator’s classical limit. Therefore, we assert that these maps limit to the classically chaotic baker’s map. In certain limiting schemes, however, the Schack-Caves maps do not reach this form and must be given a different interpretation.

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We derive a formally exact sum of path integrals for the quantum propagator of the baker's transformation. The phases depend only on the classical actions as in usual phase space path integrals and the sums are over all the symbolic orbits. The deduction depends on multiple Poisson transformations, which lead to a further infinite sum of integrals, but our computations for the propagator and its trace for two iterations show that this is rapidly convergent. Explicit formulae for the quantum corrections to the semiclassical propagator are presented for this case.

Nonlinearity•Jan 1, 1995•20 citations
This work concerns the finding of the semi-classical form of the coherent state representation for the class of quantum baker’s maps defined by Schack and Caves. It begins by introducing the finite-dimensional Hilbert space on which the quantum baker’s map is defined. Its pertinent features including the all important symmetry operators are introduced and given a full explanation. We also introduce the finite-dimensional phase space which will give the semi-classical limit a geometrical interpretation. For a D dimensional Hilbert space, the finite-dimensional phase space is found to be a grid with D2 points. Each point corresponds to a particular pair of position and momentum displacement operator eigenphases. We then detail the derivation of the finite-dimension version of the Wigner function, a quasi-distribution for the finite-dimensional phase space. We show that its most “irregular” feature, mainly its property of having more values than was thought necessary, can be explained by its correct behavior under the symmetry operations, a feature lacking in other Wigner candidates. However, even this special choice for the Wigner function proves unusable in the semi-classical limit as it is found to have a non-convergent limit. We then turn to another possible phase space function: the Q-function. It being necessary to find a suitable coherent state for the finite-dimensional Hilbert space, we begin by studying the properties of the periodically continued Gaussian states. These are the typical Weyl coherent states made periodic in both position and momentum such as to make them legitimate finite-dimensional states. Developing certain mathematical techniques allows us to show that they have compatible position and momentum representations, that a subset of them are complete and can be used to define a Q-function, and that this function obeys all of the symmetry properties. Finally, we use these coherent states to find a representation for the propagator of the quantum baker’s map. In the semi-classical limit, i.e. the large dimension limit, this representation is found, for most of the maps, to take a form of the exponentiation of the classical map’s generating function. This form was predicted long ago by Van Vleck as indicator of an operator’s classical limit. Therefore, we assert that these maps limit to the classically chaotic baker’s map. In certain limiting schemes, however, the Schack-Caves maps do not reach this form and must be given a different interpretation.
We present a broad family of quantum baker maps that generalize the proposal of Schack and Caves to any even Hilbert space with arbitrary boundary conditions. We identify a structure, common to all maps consisting of a simple kernel perturbed by diffraction effects. This "essential" baker's map has a different semiclassical limit and can be diagonalized analytically for Hilbert spaces spanned by qubits. In all cases this kernel provides an accurate approximation to the spectral properties-eigenvalues and eigenfunctions-of all the different quantizations.
We derive a formally exact sum of path integrals for the quantum propagator of the baker's transformation. The phases depend only on the classical actions as in usual phase space path integrals and the sums are over all the symbolic orbits. The deduction depends on multiple Poisson transformations, which lead to a further infinite sum of integrals, but our computations for the propagator and its trace for two iterations show that this is rapidly convergent. Explicit formulae for the quantum corrections to the semiclassical propagator are presented for this case.