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Ising spin glass models versus Ising models: an effective mapping at high temperature I. General result

Massimo Ostilli

Published Jan 1, 2006• 6 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Abstract. We show that, above the critical temperature, if the dimension D of a given Ising spin glass model is sufficiently high, its free energy can be effectively expressed through the free energy of a related Ising model. When, in a large sense, D = ∞, in the paramagnetic phase and on its boundary the mapping is exact. In this limit the method provides a general and simple rule to obtain exactly the upper phase boundaries. We provide even simple effective rules to find crossover surfaces and correlation functions. We apply the mapping to several spin glass models. PACS numbers: 05.20.-y, 75.10.Nr, 05.70.Fh, 64.60.-i, 64.70.-iIsing spin glass models versus Ising models I 2 1.

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We calculate high-temperature graph expansions for the Ising spin glass model with 4 symmetric random distribution functions for its nearest neighbor interaction constants Jij. Series for the Edwards-Anderson susceptibility χ are obtained to order 13 in the expansion variable (J/(kBT)) EA 2 for the general d-dimensional hyper-cubic lattice, where the parameter J determines the width of the distributions. We explain in detail how the expansions are calculated. The analysis, using the Dlog-Padé approximation and the techniques known as M1 and M2, leads to estimates for the critical threshold (J/(kBTc)) 2 and for the critical exponent γ in dimensions 4, 5, 7 and 8 for all the distribution functions. In each dimension the values for γ agree, within their uncertainty margins, with a common value for the different distributions, thus confirming universality. PACS: 05.70.Jk Critical point phenomena – 75.10.Nr Spin-glass and other random models 1

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Exact mapping of a spin glass with correlated disorder to the pure Ising model

Hidetoshi Nishimori

We introduce an Ising spin-glass model with correlated disorder which continuously interpolates between the pure ferromagnetic Ising model and the Edwards-Anderson model with symmetric disorder. For this model, we prove that a Nishimori line (NL) can be defined, analogously to the Edwards-Anderson model, on which physical quantities can be expressed exactly in terms of those of the pure Ising model at a well-defined effective temperature on any lattice in any dimension. For example, the energy on the NL is equal to the energy of the pure Ising model at the effective temperature up to a constant and a trivial factor. More remarkably, the specific heat on the NL equals the energy, not the specific heat, of the pure Ising model at the effective temperature, again up to a constant and a trivial factor. Gauge-noninvariant quantities such as the magnetization and correlation functions are exactly equal to the corresponding quantities of the pure Ising model at the effective temperature. These exact relations imply that the leading critical behavior at that multicritical point for the disorder-correlated model is pure-Ising-like, in contrast to the conventional multicritical universality class of the standard Edwards-Anderson model. Our results motivate further investigations of the relatively unexplored topic of correlations in disorder in spin glasses and related problems.

arXiv:2602.22657•Physical review. E•May 1, 2026•0 citations
Abstract. We show that, above the critical temperature, if the dimension D of a given Ising spin glass model is sufficiently high, its free energy can be effectively expressed through the free energy of a related Ising model. When, in a large sense, D = ∞, in the paramagnetic phase and on its boundary the mapping is exact. In this limit the method provides a general and simple rule to obtain exactly the upper phase boundaries. We provide even simple effective rules to find crossover surfaces and correlation functions. We apply the mapping to several spin glass models. PACS numbers: 05.20.-y, 75.10.Nr, 05.70.Fh, 64.60.-i, 64.70.-iIsing spin glass models versus Ising models I 2 1.
We consider the Ising spin glass for the arbitrary spin S with the short-ranged interaction using the Bethe-Peierls approximation previously formulated by Serva and Paladin [Phys. Rev. E. 54, 4637 (1996)] for the same system but limited to S=1/2. Results obtained by us for arbitrary S are not a simple generalization of those for S=1/2. In this paper we mainly concentrate our studies on the calculation of the critical temperature and the linear susceptibility in the paramagnetic phase as functions of the dimension of the system and spin number S. These dependences are illustrated by corresponding plots.
An efficient Monte Carlo method is extended to evaluate directly domain-wall free energy for randomly frustrated spin systems. Using the method, critical phenomena of spin-glass phase transition are investigated in the 4d+/-J Ising model under the replica boundary condition. Our values of the critical temperature and exponent, obtained by finite-size scaling, are in good agreement with those of the standard Monte Carlo and the series expansion studies. In addition, two exponents, the stiffness exponent and the fractal dimension of the domain wall, which characterize the ordered phase, are obtained. The latter value is larger than d-1, indicating that the domain wall is really rough in the 4d Ising spin-glass phase.
As an analysis of equilibrium phase transitions, the nonequilibrium relaxation method is extended to the spin glass (SG) transition. The $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}J$ Ising SG model is analyzed for three-dimensional (cubic) lattices up to the linear size of L=127L=127L=127 and for four-dimensional (hypercubic) lattice up to L=41.L=41.L=41. These sizes of systems are quite large as compared with those calculated, so far, by equilibrium simulations. As a dynamical order parameter, we calculate the clone correlation function (CCF) ${Q(t,t}_{\mathrm{w}})\ensuremath{\equiv}[〈{S}_{i}^{(1)}{(t+t}_{\mathrm{w}}){S}_{i}^{(2)}{(t+t}_{\mathrm{w}}){〉}^{\mathrm{F}}],$ which is a spin correlation of two replicas produced after the waiting time tw{t}_{\mathrm{w}}tw​ from a simple starting state. It is found that the CCF shows an exponential decay in the paramagnetic phase, and a power-law decay after aginglike development $(t\ensuremath{\gg}{t}_{\mathrm{w}})$ in the SG phase. This provides a reliable upper bound of the transition temperature Tg.{T}_{\mathrm{g}}.Tg​. It is also found that a scaling relation, ${Q(t,t}_{\mathrm{w}}{)=t}_{\mathrm{w}}^{\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{q}}\overline{q}{(t/t}_{\mathrm{w}}),$ holds just around the transition point providing the lower bound of Tg.{T}_{\mathrm{g}}.Tg​. Together with these two bounds, we propose a new dynamical way for the estimation of Tg{T}_{\mathrm{g}}Tg​ from much larger systems. In the SG phase, the power-law behavior of the CCF for $t\ensuremath{\gg}{t}_{\mathrm{w}}$ suggests that the SG phase in short-range Ising models has a rugged phase space.
We calculate high-temperature graph expansions for the Ising spin glass model with 4 symmetric random distribution functions for its nearest neighbor interaction constants Jij. Series for the Edwards-Anderson susceptibility χ are obtained to order 13 in the expansion variable (J/(kBT)) EA 2 for the general d-dimensional hyper-cubic lattice, where the parameter J determines the width of the distributions. We explain in detail how the expansions are calculated. The analysis, using the Dlog-Padé approximation and the techniques known as M1 and M2, leads to estimates for the critical threshold (J/(kBTc)) 2 and for the critical exponent γ in dimensions 4, 5, 7 and 8 for all the distribution functions. In each dimension the values for γ agree, within their uncertainty margins, with a common value for the different distributions, thus confirming universality. PACS: 05.70.Jk Critical point phenomena – 75.10.Nr Spin-glass and other random models 1
We use high-temperature and low-concentration series to treat the dilute spin glass within a model with nearest-neighbor interactions which randomly assume the values +J, 0, -J with probabilities p/2, 1-p, p/2, respectively. Using the Harris no-free-end diagrams scheme in general spatial dimension, we obtained 15th-order series for ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}}^{\mathrm{EA}}$ as a function of temperature for arbitrary dilution, 14th-order series for ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}}^{\mathrm{EA}}$ as a function of dilution for selected temperatures, and 11th-order series for two higher derivatives of ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}}^{\mathrm{EA}}$ with respect to the ordering field, where ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}}^{\mathrm{EA}}$ is the Edwards-Anderson spin-glass susceptibility. Analysis of these series yields values of TSG{\mathit{T}}_{\mathrm{SG}}TSG​(p), the critical temperature as a function of the dilution p or the analogous critical concentration pSG{\mathit{p}}_{\mathrm{SG}}pSG​(T). Thus we determine a critical line, separating the spin-glass phase from the paramagnetic phase in the T-p plane. We find values of the critical exponent \ensuremath{\gamma} and universal amplitude ratios along the critical line. Universal amplitude ratios and dominant exponents along the critical line are identical to those of the pure spin glass for a wide range of dilution, indicating the same critical behavior as that of the pure spin glass.
We introduce an Ising spin-glass model with correlated disorder which continuously interpolates between the pure ferromagnetic Ising model and the Edwards-Anderson model with symmetric disorder. For this model, we prove that a Nishimori line (NL) can be defined, analogously to the Edwards-Anderson model, on which physical quantities can be expressed exactly in terms of those of the pure Ising model at a well-defined effective temperature on any lattice in any dimension. For example, the energy on the NL is equal to the energy of the pure Ising model at the effective temperature up to a constant and a trivial factor. More remarkably, the specific heat on the NL equals the energy, not the specific heat, of the pure Ising model at the effective temperature, again up to a constant and a trivial factor. Gauge-noninvariant quantities such as the magnetization and correlation functions are exactly equal to the corresponding quantities of the pure Ising model at the effective temperature. These exact relations imply that the leading critical behavior at that multicritical point for the disorder-correlated model is pure-Ising-like, in contrast to the conventional multicritical universality class of the standard Edwards-Anderson model. Our results motivate further investigations of the relatively unexplored topic of correlations in disorder in spin glasses and related problems.