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Dynamics of free electron wave packets with coherent extreme ultraviolet four-wave mixing fields

Khoa Anh Tran, Khuong Ba Dinh, Thong Huy Chau, Peter Hannaford, Lap Van Dao

Published Oct 29, 2020• 2 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.ijleo.2020.165833

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Coherent narrow-band extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) light is generated by a near-resonant four-wave mixing (FWM) process between attosecond pulse trains and near-infrared pulses in neon gas. The near-resonant FWM process involves one vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) photon and two near-infrared (NIR) photons and produces new higher-energy frequency components corresponding to the ns/ndns/ndns/nd to ground-state (2s22p6)(2{s}^{2}2{p}^{6})(2s22p6) transitions in the neon atom. The EUV emission exhibits small angular divergence (2 mrad) and monotonically increasing intensity over a pressure range of 0.5--16 Torr, suggesting phase matching in the production of the narrow-bandwidth coherent EUV light. In addition, time-resolved scans of the NIR nonlinear mixing process reveal the detection of a persistent, ultrafast bound electronic wave packet based on a coherent superposition initiated by the VUV pulse in the neon atoms. This FWM process using attosecond pulses offers a means for both efficient narrow-band EUV source generation and time-resolved investigations of ultrafast dynamics.
We present a time- and phase-resolved, background-free scheme to study the extreme ultraviolet dipole emission of a bound electronic wave packet, without the use of any extreme ultraviolet exciting pulse. Using multiphoton transitions, we populate a superposition of quantum states which coherently emit extreme ultraviolet radiation through free induction decay. This emission is probed and controlled, both in amplitude and phase, by a time-delayed infrared femtosecond pulse. We directly measure the laser-induced dephasing of the emission by using a simple heterodyne detection scheme based on two-source interferometry. This technique provides rich information about the interplay between the laser field and the Coulombic potential on the excited electron dynamics. Its background-free nature enables us to use a large range of gas pressures and to reveal the influence of collisions in the relaxation process.
We report here a detailed study of the four-wave mixing process in the extreme ultraviolet region around 30 nm by using two collinear incommensurate frequency laser pulses. The experimental results reveal evidence of the coherent accumulation of the wave-mixing fields and low-order (third-order and fifth-order) nonlinear response of an argon medium. The dependence of the intensities of the mixing fields on the intensity of a weak control field, on the argon pressure, and on the interaction length is analyzed to show that the four-wave mixing fields in this spectral range are generated under the phase-matched condition.