Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Time and Non-Locality: Resolving Bell’s Theorem

Stephen H. Jarvis

Published Jan 1, 2020• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper presents a new basis for the analysis of Einstein’s spacetime by presenting the idea of “time-points” in space consistent with “c” being a paradigm where time does not pass, and thus a potential sea of time-points in space, accounting for the idea of hidden “non-local” particles as time-points in space that interact to form mass, thus resolving Bell’s Theorem.

DOI
10.13140/rg.2.2.12651.98086/1

Related papers

Bell's Theorem Refuted via True Local Realism

Gordon Watson

Bell's theorem has been described as the most profound discovery of science; one of the few essential discoveries of 20th Century physics; indecipherable to non-mathematicians. However, taking elementary analysis to be an adequate logic here, we refute Bell's theorem, correct his inequality and identify his error. Further, we do this under the principle of true local realism, the union of true locality (or relativistic causality: no influence propagates superluminally) and true realism (or non-naive realism: some existents change interactively). We thus lay the foundation for a more complete physical theory: one in line with Einstein's ideas and Bell's hopes. Let's see.

•Nov 1, 2020•0 citations

Local Realism, Contextualism and Loopholes in Bell`s Experiments

Andrei Yu. Khrennikov, Igor Vasil'evich Volovich

It is currently widely accepted, as a result of Bell's theorem and related experiments, that quantum mechanics is inconsistent with local realism and there is the so called quantum non-locality. We show that such a claim can be justified only in a simplified approach to quantum mechanics when one neglects the fundamental fact that there exist space and time. Mathematical definitions of local realism in the sense of Bell and in the sense of Einstein are given. We demonstrate that if we include into the quantum mechanical formalism the space-time structure in the standard way then quantum mechanics might be consistent with Einstein's local realism. It shows that loopholes are unavoidable in experiments aimed to establish a violation of Bell`s inequalities. We show how the space-time structure can be considered from the contextual point of view. A mathematical framework for the contextual approach is outlined.

arXiv:quant-ph/0212127•Dec 21, 2002•36 citations

Bell's Theorem and Locality in Space

Igor Vasil'evich Volovich

Bell's theorem states that some quantum correlations can not be represented by classical correlations of separated random variables. It has been interpreted as incompatibility of the requirement of locality with quantum mechanics. We point out that in fact the space part of the wave function was neglected in the proof of Bell's theorem. However this space part is crucial for considerations of property of locality of quantum system. Actually the space part leads to an extra factor in quantum correlations and as a result the ordinary proof of Bell's theorem fails in this case. We present a criterium of locality in a realist theory of hidden variables. It is argued that predictions of quantum mechanics for Gaussian wave functions can be consistent with Bell's inequalities and hence Einstein's local realism is restored in this case.

arXiv:quant-ph/0012010•Dec 1, 2000•8 citations

Summarization and review:Bell-type space nonlocality

Jianlan Chen

Like classical theory,quantum theory including non-relativistic quantum mechanics and relativistic quantum field theory has adopted locality description.But,essentially,quantum theory is a space nonlocality theory dressed by locality description.Since EPR paradox,Bell inequality,GHZ theorem,Hardy theorem and Cabello theorem were proposed,there have been a lot of theoretical and experimental works about the space nonlocality route along Bell-GHZ-Hardy-Cabello.Up to now the experimental results all support quantum theory.However,the essence of the space nonlocality characteristics of quantum theory has not been discovered yet,nor can the existence of hidden variables be denied,a situation that keeps attracting more attention and consideration to this hot issue.Here we generalize this route concisely and specify the related ideas,definition and theorem systemically.At last we give a detailed comment on this route.

•Jan 1, 2007•0 citations

Bell's Theorem Without Hidden Variables

Henry Pierce Stapp

Experiments motivated by Bell's theorem have led some physicists to conclude that quantum theory is nonlocal. However, the theoretical basis for such claims is usually taken to be Bell's Theorem, which shows only that if certain predictions of quantum theory are correct, and a strong hidden-variable assumption is valid, then a certain locality condition must fail. This locality condition expresses the idea that what an experimenter freely chooses to measure in one spacetime region can have no effect of any kind in a second region situated spacelike relative to the first. The experimental results conform closely to the predictions of quantum theory in such cases, but the most reasonable conclusion to draw is not that locality fails, but rather that the hidden-variable assumption is false. For this assumption conflicts with the quantum precept that unperformed experiments have no outcomes. The present paper deduces the failure of this locality condition directly from the precepts of quantum theory themselves, in a way that generates no inconsistency or any conflict with the predictions of relativistic quantum field theory.

arXiv:quant-ph/0010047•Oct 11, 2000•5 citations

Einstein’s Reply to Bell and Others? a Simple Constructive Classical Foundation for Quantum Theory

Gordon Watson

Having elsewhere refuted Bell’s theorem irrefutably with elementary mathematics, we here advance Einstein’s ideas similarly with a classical Lorentz-invariant theory, observationally-indistinguishable from quantum mechanics. Given that our elementary theory is straight-forward and non-mysterious, we provide an Einsteinian—a specifically local and truly realistic—advance toward understanding the classical nature of physical reality at the quantum level. We thus resolve Bell’s dilemma in Einstein’s favor: as Bell half-expected, he and his supporters were being rather silly.

•Aug 1, 2018•0 citations
This paper presents a new basis for the analysis of Einstein’s spacetime by presenting the idea of “time-points” in space consistent with “c” being a paradigm where time does not pass, and thus a potential sea of time-points in space, accounting for the idea of hidden “non-local” particles as time-points in space that interact to form mass, thus resolving Bell’s Theorem.
Bell's theorem has been described as the most profound discovery of science; one of the few essential discoveries of 20th Century physics; indecipherable to non-mathematicians. However, taking elementary analysis to be an adequate logic here, we refute Bell's theorem, correct his inequality and identify his error. Further, we do this under the principle of true local realism, the union of true locality (or relativistic causality: no influence propagates superluminally) and true realism (or non-naive realism: some existents change interactively). We thus lay the foundation for a more complete physical theory: one in line with Einstein's ideas and Bell's hopes. Let's see.
It is currently widely accepted, as a result of Bell's theorem and related experiments, that quantum mechanics is inconsistent with local realism and there is the so called quantum non-locality. We show that such a claim can be justified only in a simplified approach to quantum mechanics when one neglects the fundamental fact that there exist space and time. Mathematical definitions of local realism in the sense of Bell and in the sense of Einstein are given. We demonstrate that if we include into the quantum mechanical formalism the space-time structure in the standard way then quantum mechanics might be consistent with Einstein's local realism. It shows that loopholes are unavoidable in experiments aimed to establish a violation of Bell`s inequalities. We show how the space-time structure can be considered from the contextual point of view. A mathematical framework for the contextual approach is outlined.
Bell's theorem states that some quantum correlations can not be represented by classical correlations of separated random variables. It has been interpreted as incompatibility of the requirement of locality with quantum mechanics. We point out that in fact the space part of the wave function was neglected in the proof of Bell's theorem. However this space part is crucial for considerations of property of locality of quantum system. Actually the space part leads to an extra factor in quantum correlations and as a result the ordinary proof of Bell's theorem fails in this case. We present a criterium of locality in a realist theory of hidden variables. It is argued that predictions of quantum mechanics for Gaussian wave functions can be consistent with Bell's inequalities and hence Einstein's local realism is restored in this case.
Like classical theory,quantum theory including non-relativistic quantum mechanics and relativistic quantum field theory has adopted locality description.But,essentially,quantum theory is a space nonlocality theory dressed by locality description.Since EPR paradox,Bell inequality,GHZ theorem,Hardy theorem and Cabello theorem were proposed,there have been a lot of theoretical and experimental works about the space nonlocality route along Bell-GHZ-Hardy-Cabello.Up to now the experimental results all support quantum theory.However,the essence of the space nonlocality characteristics of quantum theory has not been discovered yet,nor can the existence of hidden variables be denied,a situation that keeps attracting more attention and consideration to this hot issue.Here we generalize this route concisely and specify the related ideas,definition and theorem systemically.At last we give a detailed comment on this route.
Experiments motivated by Bell's theorem have led some physicists to conclude that quantum theory is nonlocal. However, the theoretical basis for such claims is usually taken to be Bell's Theorem, which shows only that if certain predictions of quantum theory are correct, and a strong hidden-variable assumption is valid, then a certain locality condition must fail. This locality condition expresses the idea that what an experimenter freely chooses to measure in one spacetime region can have no effect of any kind in a second region situated spacelike relative to the first. The experimental results conform closely to the predictions of quantum theory in such cases, but the most reasonable conclusion to draw is not that locality fails, but rather that the hidden-variable assumption is false. For this assumption conflicts with the quantum precept that unperformed experiments have no outcomes. The present paper deduces the failure of this locality condition directly from the precepts of quantum theory themselves, in a way that generates no inconsistency or any conflict with the predictions of relativistic quantum field theory.
Having elsewhere refuted Bell’s theorem irrefutably with elementary mathematics, we here advance Einstein’s ideas similarly with a classical Lorentz-invariant theory, observationally-indistinguishable from quantum mechanics. Given that our elementary theory is straight-forward and non-mysterious, we provide an Einsteinian—a specifically local and truly realistic—advance toward understanding the classical nature of physical reality at the quantum level. We thus resolve Bell’s dilemma in Einstein’s favor: as Bell half-expected, he and his supporters were being rather silly.