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Quantum Information Processing

An efficient quantum identity authentication key agreement protocol without entanglement

Hongfeng Zhu, Liwei Wang, Yuanle Zhang

Published Oct 1, 2020• 33 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s11128-020-02887-z

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In this paper, a mutual authentication quantum key agreement protocol with single-particle measurement is proposed. The participants can authenticate each other’s identity through their secret identity information and the entanglement property of Bell states. After the authentication phase, the participants can negotiate a private key with equal contribution. We prove that the proposed scheme is unconditional security. In comparison to the previous mutual authentication quantum key agreement protocols, the proposed method utilizes Bell states as the quantum resource states in both the identity authentication and key agreement stages. It requires single-particle measurement without the need for Bell measurements or the involvement of trusted or semi-trusted other participants. Additionally, our proposed scheme demonstrates significant advantages in terms of qubit efficiency.
Abstract Quantum key agreement (QKA) is an important cryptographic primitive that plays a pivotal role in private communications. Authenticated QKA plays an important role in QKA. In this paper, we propose an authenticated multiparty QKA scheme based on 4-qubit cluster states entanglement swapping. The scheme is divided into two parts, the first part is the quantum identity authentication stage, and the second part is the QKA stage. In the quantum identity authentication stage, the participants determine that the participant communicating with them is the claimed person through mutual authentication, which can avoid the impersonation attack of the eavesdropper Eve. In the QKA phase, the participants adopt a bidirectional transmission structure with the participation of a semi-trusted third party, and based on the entanglement swapping property of the 4-qubit cluster state, the QKA is finally realized. Detailed security analysis shows that the protocol can resist a variety of internal and external attacks, such as participants attack, entangle-measure attack, and so on.
Authenticated multiple key agreement protocols not only allow participants to agree the multiple session keys within one run of the protocol but also ensure the authenticity of the other party.In 2011, Dehkordi et al. proposed an identity-based authenticated multiple key agreement protocol.In this paper, we demonstrate that Dehkordi et al.'s protocol is vulnerable to impersonation attacks.Furthermore, we have found that their protocol cannot provide perfect forward security or mutual security.Then we propose an identity-based authenticated multiple key agreement protocol which removes the weaknesses of the Dehkordi et al.'s protocol.Compared with the multiple key agreement protocols in the literature, the proposed protocol is more efficient and holds stronger security.