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The European Physical Journal D

Manipulation of spin polarization of rubidium atoms by optical pumping with both D1 and D2 beams

Hongying Yang, Yanhua Wang, Nan Zhao

Published Nov 1, 2020• 3 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1140/epjd/e2020-10384-0

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Applied Physics Letters•Dec 13, 2010•210 citations
We compare the nonlinear magneto-optical rotation (NMOR) effect in a single-beam probe scheme and a two-beam Raman-coherence-assisted scheme using cold rubidium atoms produced with an integrating sphere apparatus. In both schemes, NMOR arising from D1 and D2 excitation combinations was studied. We show that adding a Raman-coherence manipulation laser can substantially increase the NMOR, and the largest NMOR enhancement occurs when both probe and Raman-coherence lasers couple the same D2 transitions with different detunings. For far-off resonance excitation with a weak probe laser, we show that the Raman-coherence-assisted NMOR enhancement can be about 6 times larger than the single probe scheme operated under the same conditions. The Raman-coherence-enhanced NMOR is also shown to be substantially larger than that from an optically pumped magnetometer using a single strong circularly polarized probe.
Diode laser optical pumping to produce a highly spin-polarized metastable He beam to be used in a spin-polarized metastable atom deexcitation spectroscopy experiment on magnetized surfaces is described. Efficient pumping of the beam is performed by means of an SDL-6702 distributed Bragg reflector diode laser which yields 50 mW of output power in a single longitudinal mode at 1083 nm, the resonance wavelength for the 23 S→23 P0,1,2 (D0, D1, and D2) transitions of He*. The light is circularly polarized by a quarter-wave plate, allowing easy change of the sense of atomic polarization. The laser frequency can be locked to the atomic transition for several hours by phase-sensitive detection of the saturated absorption signal in a He discharge cell. Any of the three transitions of the triplet system can be pumped with the laser but the maximum level of atomic polarization of 98.5% is found pumping the D2 line.
The authors have detected magnetic fields from the human brain with a compact, fiber-coupled rubidium spin-exchange-relaxation-free magnetometer. Optical pumping is performed on the D1 transition and Faraday rotation is measured on the D2 transition. The beams share an optical axis, with dichroic optics preparing beam polarizations appropriately. A sensitivity of <5 fT/Hz is achieved. Evoked responses resulting from median nerve and auditory stimulation were recorded with the atomic magnetometer. Recordings were validated by comparison with those taken by a commercial magnetoencephalography system. The design is amenable to arraying sensors around the head, providing a framework for noncryogenic, whole-head magnetoencephalography.