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Design and Analysis of Communication Protocols Using Quantum Resources

Mitali Sisodia

Published Jul 15, 2019• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

This thesis is focused on the design and analysis of quantum communication protocols. Several schemes for quantum communication have been introduced in the recent past. For example, quantum teleportation, dense coding, quantum key distribution, quantum secure direct communication, etc., have been rigorously studied in the last 2-3 decades. Specifically, a specific attention of the present thesis is to study the quantum teleportation schemes with entangled orthogonal and nonorthogonal states and their experimental realization, but not limited to it. We have also studied some aspects of quantum cryptography.

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This thesis is focused on the design and analysis of quantum communication protocols. Several schemes for quantum communication have been introduced in the recent past. For example, quantum teleportation, dense coding, quantum key distribution, quantum secure direct communication, etc., have been rigorously studied in the last 2-3 decades. Specifically, a specific attention of the present thesis is to study the quantum teleportation schemes with entangled orthogonal and nonorthogonal states and their experimental realization, but not limited to it. We have also studied some aspects of quantum cryptography.
This thesis is focused on the design and analysis of quantum communication protocols. Several schemes for quantum communication have been introduced in the recent past. For example, quantum teleportation, dense coding, quantum key distribution, quantum secure direct communication, etc., have been rigorously studied in the last 2-3 decades. Specifically, a specific attention of the present thesis is to study the quantum teleportation schemes with entangled orthogonal and nonorthogonal states and their experimental realization, but not limited to it. We have also studied some aspects of quantum cryptography.
Quantum cryptography including quantum key distribution and quantum secret sharing, a fundamental branch in quantum information processing, is the process whereby two or more parties agree on a key for subsequent cryptographic use. The goal of quantum cryptography is to establish a secure key in an insecure communication environment, leading to the difficulty of the protocols' design and analysis. In this thesis we focus on the design and analysis of secure and efficient protocols of two or more parties in quantum settings.
The advent of quantum key distribution (QKD) has revolutionized secure communication by providing unconditional security, unlike classical cryptographic methods. However, its effectiveness relies on robust identity authentication, as vulnerabilities in the authentication process can cause a compromise with the security of the entire communication system. Over the past three decades, numerous quantum identity authentication (QIA) protocols have been proposed. This thesis first presents a chronological review of these protocols, categorizing them based on quantum resources and computational tasks involved while analyzing their strengths and limitations. Subsequently, by recognizing inherent symmetries present in the existing protocols, we design novel QIA schemes based on secure computational and communication tasks. Specifically, this work introduces a set of new QIA protocols that utilize controlled secure direct quantum communication. The proposed scheme facilitates mutual authentication between two users, Alice and Bob, with assistance from a third party, Charlie, using Bell states. A comprehensive security analysis demonstrates its robustness against impersonation, intercept-resend, and fraudulent authentication attacks. The comparative evaluation highlights its advantages over existing schemes. Additionally, this thesis presents two novel QKD protocols that eliminate the need for entanglement or ideal single-photon sources, making them feasible with commercially available photon sources. These protocols are rigorously proven to be secure against various attacks, including intercept-resend and certain collective attacks. Key rate bounds are established, demonstrating that specific classical pre-processing enhances the tolerable error threshold. PHD THESIS
This paper focuses on the concepts used in Quantum Cryptography and recent progress made. We look at the different categories of key distribution protocols that have been proposed and issues related to those. We then take an overview of two main approaches of communication using quantum cryptography concepts, i.e., ``Quantum Secure Direct Communication'' and ``Deterministic Secure Quantum Communication'', and limitations related to the usage of these schemes in a real-world system. At last, we list down the problems identified in the research and conclude our discussion by proposing areas of focus for future research.
This paper proposes a novel communication protocol design leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics, specifically quantum entanglement and quantum teleportation. The core claim is to enhance communication security, rate, and reliability by utilizing these quantum phenomena. The protocol is based on Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols, employing entangled particles to securely share cryptographic keys. Furthermore, it incorporates aspects of quantum teleportation to facilitate information transfer. The proposed system fundamentally departs from traditional communication protocols which are vulnerable to eavesdropping, offering a significantly higher level of security due to the inherent properties of quantum mechanics. This design addresses the limitations of classical communication methods and presents a pathway toward truly secure and high-performance communication systems. The key components of this protocol are detailed, including the entanglement generation and distribution, the key exchange process, and the information teleportation scheme. The mathematical framework underpinning these processes is presented, focusing on the core concepts of quantum information theory. ---