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Joint Conference of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics (IFCS-ISAF)

Hanle Effect in the Metastable State of 4He Atoms with Arbitrarily Polarized Light

He Wang, Teng Wu, Wei Xiao, Haidong Wang, Yucheng Yang, Xiang Peng, Hong Mei Guo

Published Jul 1, 2020• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present theoretical study of the Hanle effect in the metastable state of4He atoms with arbitrarily polarized light. The orientation and alignment components of the atomic polarization produce resonance signals with different line shapes. The amplitudes and line shapes of Hanle resonance signals have significant dependence on the light polarization. Our results can be used as an efficient method to determine the polarization component of the laser light, which is crucial for atomic physics experiments employing resonant light-atom interactions.

DOI
10.1109/ifcs-isaf41089.2020.9234832

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Optics and Spectroscopy•May 1, 2007•7 citations
We present theoretical study of the Hanle effect in the metastable state of4He atoms with arbitrarily polarized light. The orientation and alignment components of the atomic polarization produce resonance signals with different line shapes. The amplitudes and line shapes of Hanle resonance signals have significant dependence on the light polarization. Our results can be used as an efficient method to determine the polarization component of the laser light, which is crucial for atomic physics experiments employing resonant light-atom interactions.
The optical pumping of Cs atoms with light of the D 1 line under magnetic resonance conditions is numerically calculated. This calculation is done to check the suggestion that an unexpectedly strong influence of the polarization of the pumping light on the resonance signals of transverse alignment, which we observed experimentally, is caused by the coupling between orientation and alignment by means of the magnetic field and/or the pumping light. This suggestion has been confirmed: upon circularly polarized pumping, the shape of the signal line of transverse alignment proved to be similar, as well as in the experiment, to the shape of the signal line of transverse orientation and was sharply different from the shape of the line of alignment observed upon linearly polarized pumping. For metastable 23 S 1 4He atoms, in accordance with the experimental data, the calculated shape of the signal line of transverse alignment is found to be independent of the polarization of the pumping light. The calculations also confirm the possibility of a reverse effect: the influence of alignment on orientation, which manifests itself in the occurrence of orientation upon pumping with unpolarized light under magnetic resonance conditions. For Cs atoms exposed to a field of ∼0.6 Oe, the largest contribution to this effect is yielded by the field coupling of orientation and alignment, whereas, for metastable 23 S 1 4He atoms, the largest contribution is made by the light coupling of these polarization moments.
Using the 2 S 1/2 Fg = 2 -→ 2 P 3/2 Fe = 3 transition in 87 Rb, we analyzed the interaction between the arbitrarily polarized laser light and Zeeman sublevels in the Hanle configuration.We studied theoretically and confirmed experimentally that the effect of the laser light polarization on the electromagnetically induced absorption strongly depends on the laser light power.For the same atomic transition, and for single laser light power (3 mW), it was recently shown that electromagnetically induced absorption line widths increase with polarization ellipticity and that electromagnetically induced absorption amplitude has maximum for certain laser light polarization different than linear.Here, we present results for amplitudes and widths of electromagnetically induced absorption for different laser light polarizations and for the laser light power ≤ 200 µW.It is verified that for small laser light power maximal electromagnetically induced absorption amplitude is for the linear polarization, whereas for larger power maximum of the electromagnetically induced absorption is at higher polarization ellipticity.
We have studied the ground-state Hanle effect (GSHE) excited by linearly polarized laser light on the DDD1{}_{1}1​ line of cesium atoms. We have solved algebraically the Liouville equation using the irreducible tensor formalism, and derive an analytical expression for the resonance line shapes in a magnetic field of arbitrary direction. The model predictions are in excellent agreement with experimental observations in various field geometries. Our model is valid for arbitrary $F\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{F}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ transitions in the low-power limit. We discuss the relation between the GSHE and electromagnetically induced transparency or absorption. Our approach allows a full understanding of the mechanism of the GSHE and provides tools for quantifying the resonance contrast, a crucial parameter for metrological applications of level crossing resonances.
Abstract We present experimental and theoretical investigations of the dependence of double Hanle resonance spectrum on the light polarization angle and the direction of the applied transverse magnetic field (TMF). The experiments are done for F g = 2 → F e = 1 transition of 87Rb D1 line using a rubidium vapor cell containing buffer gas. We show that a small light polarization component along the direction of TMF introduces asymmetry in the double Hanle resonance signal. Both the magnitude and sign of asymmetry in the signal are sensitive to the TMF orientation, suggesting a possible method for in-situ measurement of the direction of the magnetic fields generated by the coils. The physical origin of this asymmetry is explained by considering the redistribution of population among the ground-state Zeeman sublevels in the presence of TMF. In addition, we systematically vary both the polarization angle and TMF direction to study their effect on the line profile of Hanle resonances. We demonstrate that a double Hanle resonance changes to a dark Hanle resonance by rotating the light polarization vector irrespective of the TMF direction. We have developed a simple theoretical model based on a degenerate two-level system to explain our experimental observations.
We have experimentally detected a signal of magnetic resonance (MR) from 85Rb atoms in the 52 S 1/2 state by measuring the absorption of light from a helium lamp producing optical orientation of metastable 23 S 1 4He atoms in a cell containing alkali metal vapor and gaseous helium at a pressure of 1 Torr. The ratio of MR signal amplitudes in Rb and He atoms did not exceed 10–2. Peculiarities of the formation and observation of the collisional polarization of Rb atoms in alkali–helium plasma are discussed.
The mutual coupling between the polarization moments with ranks of different parity is theoretically considered. The manifestation of this mutual coupling has been revealed previously in experiments on magnetic resonance of optically oriented cesium atoms. The two well-known types of the coupling between the polarization moments are considered: the field coupling of these moments that occur due to the breaking of the hyperfine coupling between the electronic and nuclear moments of the alkali atom by the magnetic field and the light coupling of the moments due to the absorption of the pumping light by polarized atoms. The experimentally observed similarity in the shape of resonance signals of alignment and orientation upon circularly polarized pumping can be explained by the fact that, for alkali atoms, the generation of alignment by light at the wavelength of the D 1 line is of low efficiency. Therefore, alignment arises mainly from orientation by means of either the field or the light coupling of polarization moments. For metastable 23 S 1 4He atoms, no influence of the orientation on the alignment was observed because, in these atoms, the field coupling between the polarization moments is absent and the light coupling is not displayed because the generation of alignment by the circularly polarized pumping light is more efficient than the creation of alignment from orientation by means of light coupling of polarization moments.