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SPIE Conference on Quantum and Nonlinear Optics

A novel experimental preparation of Gaussian modulated coherent state based on dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator in continuous variable quantum key distribution

Heng Wang, Yaodi Pi, Wei Huang, Yun Shao, Yang Li, Bingjie Xu

Published Oct 9, 2020• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, a novel experimental preparation scheme of Gaussian modulated coherent state (GMCS) in continuous variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) system is proposed based on dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator (DDMZM). The experimental implementation of the proposed GMCS preparation scheme only depends on a DDMZM instead of an AM and a PM in conventional CVQKD, which simplifies the experimental setup and reduces the costs of the CVQKD system. Moreover, the sum-difference signals of the Rayleigh distribution and uniform distribution are applied on two parallel electrodes of the DDMZM, respectively, getting rid of the accurate time-delay alignment between the AM and the PM in conventional Gaussian modulation scheme. Besides, the measurement method of the prepared GMCS is experimentally demonstrated based on heterodyne detection, and both quadrature (X and P) are simultaneously measured to verify the proposed GMCS preparation scheme.

DOI
10.1117/12.2573860

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In this paper, a novel experimental preparation scheme of Gaussian modulated coherent state (GMCS) in continuous variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) system is proposed based on dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator (DDMZM). The experimental implementation of the proposed GMCS preparation scheme only depends on a DDMZM instead of an AM and a PM in conventional CVQKD, which simplifies the experimental setup and reduces the costs of the CVQKD system. Moreover, the sum-difference signals of the Rayleigh distribution and uniform distribution are applied on two parallel electrodes of the DDMZM, respectively, getting rid of the accurate time-delay alignment between the AM and the PM in conventional Gaussian modulation scheme. Besides, the measurement method of the prepared GMCS is experimentally demonstrated based on heterodyne detection, and both quadrature (X and P) are simultaneously measured to verify the proposed GMCS preparation scheme.
We propose a novel heterodyne detection scheme for continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD), which measures both quadrature components of a quantum signal encoded in optical phase space. The proposed method uses time division to achieve identical performance to conventional heterodyne detection with only a single homodyne detection system. Our method also uses a Faraday-Michelson interferometer to make it independent of polarization drift and eliminate the need for dynamic polarization control. Our method is experimentally demonstrated using the Gaussian-modulated coherent-states (GMCS) protocol over a 20.06 km optical fiber channel, achieving an expected secret key rate of up to 0.187 Mbps.
We propose a novel heterodyne detection scheme for continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD), which measures both quadrature components of a quantum signal encoded in optical phase space. The proposed method uses time division to achieve identical performance to conventional heterodyne detection with only a single homodyne detection system. Our method also uses a Faraday-Michelson interferometer to make it independent of polarization drift and eliminate the need for dynamic polarization control. Our method is experimentally demonstrated using the Gaussian-modulated coherent-states (GMCS) protocol over a 20.06 km optical fiber channel, achieving an expected secret key rate of up to 0.187 Mbps.
We propose a novel heterodyne detection scheme for continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD), which measures both quadrature components of a quantum signal encoded in optical phase space. The proposed method uses time division to achieve identical performance to conventional heterodyne detection with only a single homodyne detection system. Our method also uses a Faraday-Michelson interferometer to make it independent of polarization drift and eliminate the need for dynamic polarization control. Our method is experimentally demonstrated using the Gaussian-modulated coherent-states (GMCS) protocol over a 20.06 km optical fiber channel, achieving an expected secret key rate of up to 0.187 Mbps.
Abstract Gaussian-modulated coherent-state (GMCS) continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) protocol can allow authenticated users to share secret key with unconditional security. So far, all previous experimental implementations of GMCS CVQKD schemes are based on active modulations, i.e. amplitude and phase modulators and quantum random number generator (QRNG) are required. However, high-speed modulation with high extinction ratio and stability is challenging, which is extremely remarkable in chip-scale silicon photonic realization. While the passive-state-preparation (PSP) CVQKD scheme, which explores the intrinsic field fluctuations of a thermal source, avoids the uses of active modulations and QRNG. In this paper, we experimentally realize the intact PSP CVQKD through a realistic optical fiber channel using off-the-shelf amplified spontaneous emission source. In particular, specially designed frame synchronization method is used to build the correlation between the data measured from the two legitimate parties, and excess noise are synthetically controlled to generate secure secret keys at the metro-area distances when considering the practical and non-negligible finite-size effects under collective Gaussian attacks. Due to the avoidance of modulators and QRNG, the passive state encoding scheme provides a promising direction of applicable high-speed, chip-based and even sunlight-based CVQKD with less cost and complexity.
Most continuous-variable quantum key distribution schemes are based on the Gaussian modulation of coherent states followed by continuous quadrature detection using homodyne detectors. In all previous schemes, the Gaussian modulation has been carried out in conjugate quadratures thus requiring two independent modulators for their implementations. Here, we propose and experimentally test a largely simplified scheme in which the Gaussian modulation is performed in a single quadrature. The scheme is shown to be asymptotically secure against collective attacks, and considers a specific attack using asymmetric preparation and excess noise. We find that this protocol is considerably more sensitive to noise than other CVQKD schemes, as a consequence of the simplified implementation. A single-quadrature modulation approach renders the need for a costly amplitude modulator unnecessary, and thus facilitates commercialization of continuous-variable quantum key distribution, provided that the low noise requirement can be achieved.
In this paper, a high-rate Gaussian-modulated coherent-state (GMCS) continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) scheme with a local local oscillator is experimentally demonstrated. The transmission of quantum signal and pilot tone in optical fiber adopts frequency and polarization multiplexing technology. By optimizing frequency bandwidth, modulation variance and intensity of the pilot tone, the CVQKD system is demonstrated at different metropolitan distance, and the secure key rate of 13.53Mbps, 8.24Mbps, 5.39Mbps 3.66Mbps and 2.55Mbps over transmission distance of 5km, 10km, 15km, 20km and 25km are obtained, respectively.