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Optics Letters

Remote-controlled quantum computing by quantum entanglement

Dongyang Wang, Yong Liu, Jiangfang Ding, Xiaogang Qiang, Yingwen Liu, Anqi Huang, Xiang Fu, Ping Xu, Mingtang Deng, Xuejun Yang, Junjie Wu

Published Oct 8, 2020• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum entanglement enables measurement on one party to affect the other’s state. Based on this peculiar feature, we propose a model of remote-controlled quantum computing and design an optical scheme to realize this model for a single qubit. As an experimental demonstration of this scheme, we further implement three Pauli operators, Hardmard gate, phase gate, and π / 8 gate. The minimal fidelity obtained by quantum process tomography reaches 82%. Besides, as a potential application, our model contributes to secure remote quantum information processing.

DOI
10.1364/ol.401921

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Quantum entanglement enables measurement on one party to affect the other’s state. Based on this peculiar feature, we propose a model of remote-controlled quantum computing and design an optical scheme to realize this model for a single qubit. As an experimental demonstration of this scheme, we further implement three Pauli operators, Hardmard gate, phase gate, and π / 8 gate. The minimal fidelity obtained by quantum process tomography reaches 82%. Besides, as a potential application, our model contributes to secure remote quantum information processing.
Recently, remote-controlled quantum information processing has been proposed for its applications in secure quantum processing protocols and distributed quantum networks. For remote-controlled quantum gates, the experimental realization of controlled unitary (CU) gates between any quantum gates is an essential task. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a scheme for implementing CU gates between arbitrary pairs of unitary gates using the polarization and time-bin degrees of freedom of single-photons. Then, we experimentally implement remote-controlled single-qubit unitary gates by controlling either the state preparation or measurement of the control qubit with high process fidelities. We believe that the proposed remote-controlled quantum gate model can pave the way for secure and efficient quantum information processing.
Recently, remote-controlled quantum information processing has been proposed for its applications in secure quantum processing protocols and distributed quantum networks. For remote-controlled quantum gates, the experimental realization of controlled unitary (CU) gates between any quantum gates is an essential task. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a scheme for implementing CU gates between any pair of unitary gates using the polarization and time-bin degrees of freedom of single photons. Then, we experimentally implement remote-controlled single-qubit unitary gates by controlling either the state preparation or measurement of the control qubit with high process fidelities. We believe the proposed remote-controlled quantum gate model can pave the way for secure and efficient quantum information processing.
We put forward two novel and perfect protocols for preparing an arbitrary single–particle state and simultaneously implementing a rotation operator or an arbitrary unitary operator on that particle. There are schemes for either only teleporting particles or only remotely controlling quantun particles. If one has to remotely control a prepared quantum, then he/ she has to first do remote state preparation and then executes the remote control on the prepared quantum. Both operations ware done separately on two sets of entanglements. However, this intuitive solution is inefficient because many resources are wasted. Thus, we attempt to complete both operations by sharing one three–particle Greenberger–Horne– Zeilinger (GHZ) state. Comparing our two protocols with the corresponding intuitive solutions, respectively, the results show that our protocols are more efficient than the corresponding intuitive solutions. Only Pauli operators, controlled–NOT gate, Bell–state measurement, single–qubit measurement, Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) state and GHZ state are used in our schemes, so these schemes are easily realized in physical experiment.
Client-server models enable computations to be hosted remotely on quantum servers. One key requirement for these models is to maintain the privacy of client tasks. We present a novel protocol which meets this requirement, with practical advantages when using technology feasible in the near term. Client tasks are realized as linear combinations of operations implemented by the server, where the linear coefficients are kept secret from the server. We report on an experimental demonstration of our protocol using linear optics, which realizes linear combination of two single-qubit operations.
Abstract Client-server models enable computations to be hosted remotely on quantum servers. We present a novel protocol for realizing this task, with practical advantages when using technology feasible in the near term. Client tasks are realized as linear combinations of operations implemented by the server, where the linear coefficients are hidden from the server. We report on an experimental demonstration of our protocol using linear optics, which realizes linear combination of two single-qubit operations by a remote single-qubit control. In addition, we explain when our protocol can remain efficient for larger computations, as well as some ways in which privacy can be maintained using our protocol.
One of the greatest challenges in modern science is the realisation of quantum computers which, as their scale increases, will allow enhanced performance of tasks across many areas of quantum information processing. Quantum logic gates play a vital role in realising these applications by carrying out the elementary operations on the qubits; a key aim is minimising the resources needed to build these gates into useful circuits. While the salient features of a quantum computer have been shown in proof-of-principle experiments, e.g., single- and two-qubit gates, difficulties in scaling quantum systems to encode and manipulate multiple qubits has hindered demonstrations of more complex operations. This is exemplified by the classical Fredkin (or controlled-SWAP) gate [1] for which, despite many theoretical proposals [2,3] relying on concatenating multiple two-qubit gates, a quantum analogue has yet to be realised. Here, by directly adding control to a two-qubit SWAP unitary [4], we use photonic qubit logic to report the first experimental demonstration of a quantum Fredkin gate [5]. Our scheme uses linear optics and improves on the overall probability of success by an order of magnitude over previous proposals [2,3]. This optical approach allows us to add control an arbitrary black-box unitary which is otherwise forbidden in the standard circuit model [6]. Additionally, the action of our gate exhibits quantum coherence allowing the generation of the highest fidelity three-photon GHZ states to date. The quantum Fredkin gate has many applications in quantum computing, quantum measurements [7] and cryptography [8,9]. Using our scheme, we apply the Fredkin gate to the task of direct measurements of the purity and state overlap of a quantum system [7] without recourse to quantum state tomography.