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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Coherent scattering from quantum dots: beyond the atomic picture

Alistair J. Brash, Jake Iles-Smith, Catherine L. Phillips, John O’Hara, Benjamin Royall, Luke R. Wilson, Maurice S. Skolnick, A. M. Fox, Dara P. S. McCutcheon, Edmund Clarke, Jesper Mørk, Ahsan Nazir

Published Jan 1, 2020• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Coherent scattering by a quantum dot in a nano-cavity with high Purcell factor is demonsttated. Major deviations from atom-like behaviour are observed due to phonon coupling that is completely insensitive to excitation conditions.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_qels.2020.fw3c.5

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Coherent scattering of light by a single quantum emitter is a fundamental process at the heart of many proposed quantum technologies. Unlike atomic systems, solid-state emitters couple to their host lattice by phonons. Using a quantum dot in an optical nanocavity, we resolve these interactions in both time and frequency domains, going beyond the atomic picture to develop a comprehensive model of light scattering from solid-state emitters. We find that even in the presence of a low-Q cavity with high Purcell enhancement, phonon coupling leads to a sideband that is completely insensitive to excitation conditions and to a nonmonotonic relationship between laser detuning and coherent fraction, both of which are major deviations from atomlike behavior.
Semiconductor nanostructures such as quantum dots (QDs) have offered unique opportunities to investigate quantum optical effects in solid-state systems. These include quantum interference, Rabi oscillations, as well as photon antibunching, and were previously observable only in isolated atoms or ions. In addition, QDs can be integrated into optical microcavities, making them attractive for applications in quantum information processing and high efficiency quantum light sources. Despite much progress towards these goals, one area that was little explored is coherent control of such solid-state quantum emitters in cavities. The main technical hurdle lies in overcoming the laser background scattering. By using a sample structure in which QDs are embedded in a planar Fabry-Perot cavity and by using an orthogonal excitation geometry, we have achieved a nearly complete elimination of laser background scattering. This in turn allows us to show resonantly controlled light emission of quantum dots in the cavity including (a) Rabi flopping using pulse control, (b) direct observation of Mollow triplets in the frequency domain, and (c) simultaneously measured first-order and second order photon-photon correlations.
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This thesis describes the first and second-order correlation measurements that were performed on a III-V self-assembled quantum dot weakly coupled to a H1 nanophotonic crystal cavity. The system has an exceptionally large Purcell factor, which enables new regimes of light-matter coupling to be explored. In particular, the Purcell effect enhances the radiative recombination rate by an unprecedented factor, allowing measurements to take advantage of the fast lifetime and broad, transform-limited linewidth of the excitons excited in the quantum dot. The main results of this thesis are presented in three chapters, which explore, respectively, the application of the system as a single-photon source, the interactions between the quantum dot excitons and their solid-state environment, and the effect of spectral filtering on resonance fluorescence photon statistics. None of these experiments would have been possible without the very large Purcell enhancement of the radiative emission from the quantum dot. In the first set of experiments, the emission properties of the cavity-coupled quantum dot under p-pulsed resonant excitation were investigated. Hanbury Brown and Twiss second-order correlation measurements were used to measure the single-photon purity of the quantum dot emission. Hong-Ou-Mandel measurements were performed to investigate the indistinguishability of the single-photons produced. The emission from the cavity-coupled dot was then investigated under continuous wave excitation. In the second set of experiments, first-order correlation measurements were made in conjunction with spectroscopic measurements to investigate the phonon sideband properties of the quantum dot, both under resonant and slightly detuned excitation. In the final set of measurements, spectral filtering was used to alter the photon statistics observed when measuring the resonance fluorescence from the cavity-coupled quantum dot. Here, the effect of filtering in both the weak and strong driving regimes was investigated by filtering both above and below the linewidth of the quantum dot.