© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

Terms Privacy Legal Notice

New Journal of Physics

Electromagnetic trap for polar particles

Maria Przybylska, Andrzej J. Maciejewski, Yurij Yaremko

Published Sep 16, 2020• 10 citations

Abstract

Abstract A novel design for an electromagnetic trap is proposed for confinement of neutral particles having a permanent electric dipole moment. The device uses a combination of a sextupole electric and quadrupole magnetic fields superimposed with a strong constant electric field perfectly aligned along the z-axis. We use the extended dipole model to study the dynamics of particle in this position dependent electromagnetic field. The motion of the centre of mass of the dipole is nonlinearly coupled with its rotation. We find three families of particular solutions for which the orbits are periodic or quasiperiodic. They correspond to the particular cases when the whole energy is accumulated in either translational or rotational degrees of freedom. Stability analysis of chosen particular solutions provides trapping conditions. We present several numerical simulations which illustrate trapping and confinement of an electric dipole in the proposed trap. These simulations were performed for three kinds of polar particles and various fields selections. We hope that the proposed model allows experimental physicists to apply a wide variety of non-destructive methods for manipulation, detection and analysis of trapped particles.

DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/abb913

Related papers

Electrodynamic trap for neutral polar particles

R. Blümel

A superposition of inhomogeneous static and rapidly oscillating electric fields is capable of trapping neutral particles with a permanent electric dipole moment. Detailed numerical simulations prove the validity and stability of our trapping scheme. Thin rods of barium titanate (BaTiO${}_{3}$) are presented as an example for trapping on the macroscale. HC${}_{17}$N, a polar molecule of astrophysical significance, is presented as an example for trapping on the microscale. For HC${}_{17}$N and the parameters chosen, the depth of the trap is $40 $mK.

Physical Review A•Apr 18, 2011•4 citations

Diatomic molecule in the polar trap

Yurij Yaremko, Maria Przybylska, Andrzej J. Maciejewski

Abstract We discuss the trapping of heteronuclear diatomic molecules prepared in their electronic and vibrational ground states. We tune and shape the trapping potential for bosonic polar molecules in superpositions of rotational states by dressing rotational excitations with a static sextupole electric field. The translational motion of a molecule is treated classically. We examine the Hamiltonian which governs the center of mass dynamics. The effective potential has a global minimum that provides the trapping ability of this trap. The first term of its Taylor series expansion, corresponding to the quadratic Stark shifts, results in the integrable potential. In terms of cylindrical coordinates the center of mass Hamiltonian splits into axial and radial parts. Corresponding trajectories are parameterized by elliptic functions. At low electric fields, the non-approximated Hamiltonian is treated as a small perturbation of the mentioned integrable system described by Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser theory. The applicability of this approximation is discussed and illustrated using the Poincaré cross-section method. We present results of numerical simulations illustrating the trapping and confinement of a polar molecule in the trap.

Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Feb 10, 2025•1 citation

Rotating magnetic quadrupole field traps for neutral atoms

V. E. Shapiro

Methods of trapping neutral spin-polarized particles are proposed using highly nonuniform magnetic fields rotating at low frequencies, down to the resonance of the particle's orbiting motion. Such fields beget new trapping mechanisms of vast possibilities. The new resonance methods and the new traps of zero-size equilibrium orbit should give much tighter and more stable confinement than previously known. They also give the possibility of a high, resonance selectivity in magnetic separation and evaporative cooling. A general analysis of trapping with rotating fields is given.

Physical Review A•Aug 1, 1996•4 citations

A magnetic suspension system for atoms and bar magnets

Charles A. Sackett, Eric Cornell, Christopher R. Monroe +1 more

A three dimensional magnetic confinement system is presented which will trap both macroscopic and atomic magnetic dipoles. The dipole is confined by dc and oscillating magnetic fields, and its motion is described by the Mathieu equation. Most aspects of the dynamics of the trapped objects depend only on the ratio of the magnetic moment to the mass of the dipole. Similar motion was observed for masses varying over 21 orders of magnitude (from 1 atom to 0.2 g). The trap is constructed from inexpensive permanent magnets and small coils which are driven by 60 Hz line current. The design of the trap as well as the behavior of the trapped particle are discussed herein.

American Journal of Physics•Apr 1, 1993•19 citations

Proposal for trapped-ion emulation of the electric dipole moment of neutral relativistic particles

Tihomir G. Tenev, Peter A. Ivanov, Nikolay V. Vitanov

The electric dipole moments of various neutral elementary particles, such as neutron, neutrinos, certain hypothetical dark matter particles, and others, are predicted to exist by the standard model of high-energy physics and various extensions of it. However, the predicted values are beyond the present experimental capabilities. We propose to simulate and emulate the electric dipole moment of neutral relativistic particles and the ensuing effects in the presence of an electrostatic field by emulation of an extended Dirac equation in ion traps.

arXiv:1209.1214•Physical Review A•Feb 4, 2013•12 citations

Rotating-radio-frequency ion traps

Taro Hasegawa, J. J. Bollinger

We discuss a radio-frequency (rf) ion trap, the rotating-radio-frequency (rotating-rf) trap, in which the motion of a charged particle is described by trigonometric functions rather than the usual Mathieu functions of a normal rf trap. In the rotating-rf trap, a rotating quadrupole electric field confines charged particles, whereas in a normal rf trap, an oscillating quadrupole electric field does. Ion motion in a rotating-rf trap is a superposition of two nondegenerate circular secular motions and two corresponding circular micromotions. The cases of applying a uniform dc magnetic field or a quadrupole dc electric field in addition to the rotating-rf field are also discussed. Confinement in a rotating-rf trap can be tighter than in a normal linear rf trap with the same experimental parameter values.

Physical Review A•Oct 20, 2005•26 citations

Abstract A novel design for an electromagnetic trap is proposed for confinement of neutral particles having a permanent electric dipole moment. The device uses a combination of a sextupole electric and quadrupole magnetic fields superimposed with a strong constant electric field perfectly aligned along the z-axis. We use the extended dipole model to study the dynamics of particle in this position dependent electromagnetic field. The motion of the centre of mass of the dipole is nonlinearly coupled with its rotation. We find three families of particular solutions for which the orbits are periodic or quasiperiodic. They correspond to the particular cases when the whole energy is accumulated in either translational or rotational degrees of freedom. Stability analysis of chosen particular solutions provides trapping conditions. We present several numerical simulations which illustrate trapping and confinement of an electric dipole in the proposed trap. These simulations were performed for three kinds of polar particles and various fields selections. We hope that the proposed model allows experimental physicists to apply a wide variety of non-destructive methods for manipulation, detection and analysis of trapped particles.

A superposition of inhomogeneous static and rapidly oscillating electric fields is capable of trapping neutral particles with a permanent electric dipole moment. Detailed numerical simulations prove the validity and stability of our trapping scheme. Thin rods of barium titanate (BaTiO

{}_{3}

) are presented as an example for trapping on the macroscale. HC

{}_{17}

N, a polar molecule of astrophysical significance, is presented as an example for trapping on the microscale. For HC

{}_{17}

N and the parameters chosen, the depth of the trap is $40 $mK.

Abstract We discuss the trapping of heteronuclear diatomic molecules prepared in their electronic and vibrational ground states. We tune and shape the trapping potential for bosonic polar molecules in superpositions of rotational states by dressing rotational excitations with a static sextupole electric field. The translational motion of a molecule is treated classically. We examine the Hamiltonian which governs the center of mass dynamics. The effective potential has a global minimum that provides the trapping ability of this trap. The first term of its Taylor series expansion, corresponding to the quadratic Stark shifts, results in the integrable potential. In terms of cylindrical coordinates the center of mass Hamiltonian splits into axial and radial parts. Corresponding trajectories are parameterized by elliptic functions. At low electric fields, the non-approximated Hamiltonian is treated as a small perturbation of the mentioned integrable system described by Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser theory. The applicability of this approximation is discussed and illustrated using the Poincaré cross-section method. We present results of numerical simulations illustrating the trapping and confinement of a polar molecule in the trap.

Methods of trapping neutral spin-polarized particles are proposed using highly nonuniform magnetic fields rotating at low frequencies, down to the resonance of the particle's orbiting motion. Such fields beget new trapping mechanisms of vast possibilities. The new resonance methods and the new traps of zero-size equilibrium orbit should give much tighter and more stable confinement than previously known. They also give the possibility of a high, resonance selectivity in magnetic separation and evaporative cooling. A general analysis of trapping with rotating fields is given.

A three dimensional magnetic confinement system is presented which will trap both macroscopic and atomic magnetic dipoles. The dipole is confined by dc and oscillating magnetic fields, and its motion is described by the Mathieu equation. Most aspects of the dynamics of the trapped objects depend only on the ratio of the magnetic moment to the mass of the dipole. Similar motion was observed for masses varying over 21 orders of magnitude (from 1 atom to 0.2 g). The trap is constructed from inexpensive permanent magnets and small coils which are driven by 60 Hz line current. The design of the trap as well as the behavior of the trapped particle are discussed herein.

The electric dipole moments of various neutral elementary particles, such as neutron, neutrinos, certain hypothetical dark matter particles, and others, are predicted to exist by the standard model of high-energy physics and various extensions of it. However, the predicted values are beyond the present experimental capabilities. We propose to simulate and emulate the electric dipole moment of neutral relativistic particles and the ensuing effects in the presence of an electrostatic field by emulation of an extended Dirac equation in ion traps.

We discuss a radio-frequency (rf) ion trap, the rotating-radio-frequency (rotating-rf) trap, in which the motion of a charged particle is described by trigonometric functions rather than the usual Mathieu functions of a normal rf trap. In the rotating-rf trap, a rotating quadrupole electric field confines charged particles, whereas in a normal rf trap, an oscillating quadrupole electric field does. Ion motion in a rotating-rf trap is a superposition of two nondegenerate circular secular motions and two corresponding circular micromotions. The cases of applying a uniform dc magnetic field or a quadrupole dc electric field in addition to the rotating-rf field are also discussed. Confinement in a rotating-rf trap can be tighter than in a normal linear rf trap with the same experimental parameter values.