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Advanced Photonics Research

Induced Transparency with Optical Cavities

Haoye Qin, Ming Ding, Yiheng Yin

Published Sep 30, 2020• 25 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Induced transparency, an interference effect due to mode coupling, has attracted significant research interest. The first discovered and most striking type of induced transparency plays electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in atomic systems. Optical cavities serve as a more ideal and feasible platform for realizing the effects of induced transparency, which leads to considerable demonstrations in theory and experiments. This review provides a run‐through of research findings on different types of induced transparency phenomenon, including, inter alia, EIT, optomechanically induced transparency, plasmon‐induced transparency, Brillouin scattering induced transparency, optically induced transparency, photothermally induced transparency, and dipole‐induced transparency. Their mechanisms, developments, techniques, and applications are discussed in detail. Most importantly, the emerging area of induced transparency at exceptional points is analyzed for its great promise. The last section presents a brief summary and perspective of induced transparency with optical cavities.

DOI
10.1002/adpr.202000009

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Induced transparency, an interference effect due to mode coupling, has attracted significant research interest. The first discovered and most striking type of induced transparency plays electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in atomic systems. Optical cavities serve as a more ideal and feasible platform for realizing the effects of induced transparency, which leads to considerable demonstrations in theory and experiments. This review provides a run‐through of research findings on different types of induced transparency phenomenon, including, inter alia, EIT, optomechanically induced transparency, plasmon‐induced transparency, Brillouin scattering induced transparency, optically induced transparency, photothermally induced transparency, and dipole‐induced transparency. Their mechanisms, developments, techniques, and applications are discussed in detail. Most importantly, the emerging area of induced transparency at exceptional points is analyzed for its great promise. The last section presents a brief summary and perspective of induced transparency with optical cavities.
Abstract Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is a quantum interference effect arising from different transition pathways of optical fields. Within the transparency window, both absorption and dispersion properties strongly change, which results in extensive applications such as slow light and optical storage. Due to the ultrahigh quality factors, massive production on a chip and convenient all‐optical control, optical microcavities provide an ideal platform for realizing EIT. Here we review the principle and recent development of EIT in optical microcavities. We focus on the following three situations. First, for a coupled‐cavity system, all‐optical EIT appears when the optical modes in different cavities couple to each other. Second, in a single microcavity, all‐optical EIT is created when interference happens between two optical modes. Moreover, the mechanical oscillation of the microcavity leads to optomechanically induced transparency. Then the applications of EIT effect in microcavity systems are discussed, including light delay and storage, sensing, and field enhancement. A summary is then given in the final part of the paper.
Abstract Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) stems from a quantum system, where an opaque atomic medium appears the narrow transparent state within a wide absorption area. This phenomenon can be achieved by quantum interference of pumping light and detecting light at different energy levels of transitions. In the generation process of EIT effect, in addition to transparent state, the atomic medium is usually accompanied with a strong dispersion effect, which will bright about a significant reduction of light velocity, thus realizing many important applications, such as slow light propagations. Although the EIT effect has many important applications, its application scenarios are greatly limited due to the fact that EIT realization usually requires specific and complicated conditions, such as refrigeration temperature, high intensity laser, etc. Recently, the analogue of EIT effect in metamaterial has attracted increasing attentions due to its advantages such as controllable room temperature and large operating bandwidth. Metamaterial analogue of EIT effect has become a new research focus. In this article, we review current research progresses on EIT metamaterials. Firstly, we describe the theoretical models for analyzing EIT metamaterials, including the mechanical oscillator model and the equivalent circuit model. Then, we describe the simulations, designs and experiments of passive EIT metamaterials with fixed structures and active EIT metamaterials with tunable elements. Furthermore, the applications of EIT metamaterials in the areas of slow lights, sensings, absorptions and other fields are also reviewed. Finally, the possible directions and key issues of future EIT metamaterial researches are prospected.
Induced transparency is a common but remarkable effect in optics. It occurs when a strong driving field is used to render an otherwise opaque material transparent. The effect is known as electromagnetically induced transparency in atomic media and optomechanically induced transparency in systems that consist of coupled optical and mechanical resonators. In this work, we introduce the concept of photothermally induced transparency (PTIT). It happens when an optical resonator exhibits nonlinear behavior due to optical heating of the resonator or its mirrors. Similar to the established mechanisms for induced transparency, PTIT can suppress the coupling between an optical resonator and a traveling optical field. We further show that the dispersion of the resonator can be modified to exhibit slow or fast light. Because of the relatively slow thermal response, we observe the bandwidth of the PTIT to be 2π × 15.9 Hz, which theoretically suggests a group velocity of as low as 5 m/s.
The phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) was discovered by Adriano Gozzini and coworkers in 1976 in Pisa. Novel schemes to investigate and exploit EIT in the optical domain have attracted much interest both in atomic and solid state systems. We discuss some of our recent theoretical results, in particular: i) a well developed EIT regime based on free exciton levels in undoped bulk crystalline Cu2O; ii) light dragging effects in moving media under EIT; iii) the coherent control of Cherenkov radiation in the EIT regime.
Abstract We study electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), which is affected by cavity optomechanics in different atomic configurations ( V and Λ ). The cavity mode is depicted as a probe field, and a classical driving field is applied to the atomic medium as the control laser in each system. Interaction between the cavity mode, atomic media and the oscillating mirror of the cavity can change the susceptibility of the atomic ensemble. Equations of motion demonstrate a system of nonlinear equations for each system. Nonlinearity of equations is a result of interaction between the cavity mode and atomic transitions. The equations are solved via a perturbation method. The results show two different aspects of atom-assisted optomechanics in V -type system: a common transparency window and an amplifying process in a transparency window that does not occur in the Λ configuration, notable as a considerable difference between the proposed systems. It is shown that classical field detuning leads to different changes in the susceptibility of both systems; other values of cavity detuning, except in the resonant case, can guarantee the occurrence of EIT in the system. For the initial value of the cavity field, a negative region appears in absorption spectrum of the V -type atomic ensemble. Meanwhile, the Λ configuration does not show a such process. According to our results, in the appearance of the transparency window, the position of movable mirror changes significantly.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is a promising approach to implement quantum memory in quantum communication and quantum computing applications. In this paper, following a brief overview of the main approaches to quantum memory, we provide details of the physical principle and theory of quantum memory based specifically on EIT. We discuss the key technologies for implementing quantum memory based on EIT and review important milestones, from the first experimental demonstration to current applications in quantum information systems.