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Scientific Reports

Tunneling-induced optical limiting in quantum dot molecules

Mohadeseh Veisi, Seyedeh Hamideh Kazemi, Mohammad Mahmoudi

Published Oct 1, 2020• 18 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a convenient way to obtain an optical power limiting behavior in a quantum dot molecule system, induced by an interdot tunneling. Also, the effect of system parameters on the limiting performance is investigated; interestingly, the tunneling rate can affect the limiting performance of the system so that the threshold of the limiting behavior can be a function of the input voltage, allowing the optimization of the limiting action. Furthermore, by investigating the absorption of the probe field, it is demonstrated that the optical limiting is due to a reverse saturable absorption mechanism; indeed, analytical results show that this mechanism is based on a cross-Kerr optical nonlinearity induced by the tunneling. Additionally, the limiting properties of the system are studied by using a Z-scan technique.

DOI
10.1038/s41598-020-73343-2

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We present a convenient way to obtain an optical power limiting behavior in a quantum dot molecule system, induced by an interdot tunneling. Also, the effect of system parameters on the limiting performance is investigated; interestingly, the tunneling rate can affect the limiting performance of the system so that the threshold of the limiting behavior can be a function of the input voltage, allowing the optimization of the limiting action. Furthermore, by investigating the absorption of the probe field, it is demonstrated that the optical limiting is due to a reverse saturable absorption mechanism; indeed, analytical results show that this mechanism is based on a cross-Kerr optical nonlinearity induced by the tunneling. Additionally, the limiting properties of the system are studied by using a Z-scan technique.
We consider the coupling effect between interdot tunneling coupling and external optical control field to study the linear optical property and the formation of temporal optical solitons in a quantum dot molecules system, analytically. The results show that the double tunneling induced transparency (TIT) windows are appeared in the absorption curve of probe field because of the formation of dynamic Stark splitting and quantum destructive interference effect from the two upper levels. Interestingly, the width of the TIT window becomes wider with the increasing intensity of the optical control field. We also find that the Kerr nonlinear effect of the probe field can be modulated effectively through coherent control both the control field and the interdot tunneling coupling in this system. Meanwhile, we demonstrate that the formation of dark or bright solitons can be practical regulated by varying the intensity of the optical control field.
We study the generation and control of the microwave (MW)-induced reverse saturable absorption (RSA) and optical limiting (OL) in a three-level pump-probe V-type quantum system. It is shown that the saturable absorption switches to the RSA by applying the MW field to the transition between two upper levels. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the RSA and the induced OL threshold are controlled by either the intensity or detuning of the MW field. In addition, the effect of the coupling field on the induced optical limiting is studied, and it is obtained that the cross-Kerr nonlinearity has a major role in establishing efficient optical power limiting. In addition, we demonstrate that an increase in the atomic density and length of the medium makes the optical limiter more powerful. Finally, the theoretical Z-scan technique is presented to confirm the obtained results of the microwave-induced OL. The proposed scheme can be used to prepare a controllable optical limiter with various thresholds, which can protect the optical devices with different sensitivities.
The nonlinear optical absorption of a probe field is investigated in a three-level V-type quantum system under a pump-probe configuration. It is demonstrated that the system exhibits saturable absorption (SA) behavior. By introducing an indirect incoherent pumping field on the probe transition, we show that the incoherent field critically influences the switching from SA to reverse saturable absorption (RSA). This switching enables the system to function as an optical limiter, protecting sensors and seekers against high-power optical pulses. The results reveal that key parameters-such as the intensity of the incoherent field, detuning, and coupling field strength-can be precisely tuned to modulate optical limiting characteristics, including threshold intensity and operational range. The underlying physical mechanism is elucidated through the derivation and analysis of an analytical expression for the nonlinear absorption. The output response is further validated through calculations based on the open-aperture Z-scan technique. Overall, this study highlights the crucial role of incoherent field engineering in tailoring optical limiting behavior, providing a versatile framework for advanced photonic applications.
We manipulate the coupling effect between interdot tunneling and the external control field to study the optical diffractive property in a quantum dot molecule (QDM) system. Based on the density matrix approach, an analytical relation is obtained for the optical susceptibility, which shows tunneling-induced transparency (TIT) in the absorption spectra. We propose an innovative optoelectronic device called tunneling-induced grating, which operates based on the diffraction of the forward-transmitted probe laser light. The diffraction integrals for the far-field regime (i.e., Fraunhofer diffraction) are numerically solved, and the effect of interdot tunneling coupling strength on the diffraction patterns is studied. It is shown that the transmission is increased under tunneling-induced quantum coherence. The weak probe light can be diffracted into higher-order directions upon applying a standing-wave control field. The optimal parametric condition for maximum first- and second-order diffractions is obtained. The results find the potential applications in quantum information processing devices, such as all-optical grating and switches at low light levels.
We present an alternative scheme for the preparation of the phase grating in quantum-dot molecules, where the tunnel coupling occurs between two quantum dots. In the presence of interdot tunneling, the nonlinear dispersion can be significantly enhanced with nearly vanishing linear and nonlinear absorption due to the tunneling-induced quantum coherence. With the help of a standing-wave control field, the weak probe light could be diffracted into high-order direction. It is shown that parameters such as the weak-driving intensity, driving detuning, tunneling strength, and interaction length could be used to adjust the diffraction intensity effectively. Our scheme is focused on the weak standing-wave driving and weak tunneling strength, which may provide an easy and actual way to obtain the phase grating and may have potential applications in quantum-optics and quantum-information-processing devices in the solid-state system.
The optical bistability of a triangular quantum dot molecules embedded inside a unidirectional ring cavity is studied. The type, the threshold and the hysteresis loop of the optical bistability curves can be modified by the tunneling parameters, as well as the probe laser field. The linear and nonlinear susceptibilities of the medium are also studied to interpret the corresponding results. The physical interpretation is that the tunneling can induce the quantum interference, which modifies the linear and the nonlinear response of the medium. As a consequence, the characteristics of the optical bistability are changed. The scheme proposed here can be utilized for optimizing and controlling the optical switching process.